Historio-cultural context of Child Development in Asian Primary School Textbook

学校文本的内容是儿童社会化的重要因素，教科书人物表现出的行为被认为反映了每种文化认为合适的儿童发展的行为和价值。摘要本研究的目的在于重新审视六种亚洲学校教科书中家庭关系、父母角色与性别角色对子女教养行为和“好孩子”行为的影响。这些故事在1960年和2000年出版的日本、台湾、韩国、中国、泰国和孟加拉国的6-9岁儿童小学课本中进行了描述和分析。其中一个结果是，韩国和中国母亲的育儿量在40年内不断减少；然而，日本母亲的比例并没有下降。韩国和中国的父亲抚养孩子的数量比以前增加了很多，但日本父亲的数量40年来没有增加。40年来，日本家长在学校教科书中对孩子行为的“管教”有所减少，而“给予一些知识”有所增加。这些结果与女大学生升入大专院校的比例和子女的价值有关。这些结果表明，像这些研究这样的跨文化和跨历史分析导致了对文化系统与人类行为之间关系的明确在会议上的报告结果在五个国际会议和日本国内会议上发表如下：例如：Rieko TOMO，《日本、中国、泰国和韩国小学教科书中的家庭》，日本心理学协会，2001年。李惠子，《小学与中学控制在亚洲的应用》，《国际应用心理学大会》，2002。友子理子：《日本、中国、台湾、韩国的家庭理想与现实》，日本教育心理学协会，2002。

1 Summary of Recent ResultThe contents of school texts are very important factors in the socialization of children, and the behaviors displayed by textbook characters are thought to reflect behaviors and the value of children development that each culture regards as suitable. The purpose of this study is to reconsider the family relationship, parent-role and sex-role of child-rearing behaviors, and "Good child" behaviors in six Asian school textbooks. The stories are depicted and analyzed in Japanese, Taiwanese, Korean, Chinese, Thai, and Bangladeshi elementary school texts for 6-9 year-old children published in 1960 and 2000. One of the results is that Korean and Chinese mothers' child-rearing quantity is decreased for 40 years; nevertheless Japanese mothers' one is not decreased. Korean and Chinese fathers rear their child much more than before, but Japanese fathers' quantity is not increased for 40 years. "Discipline" of Japanese parents behaviors toward their children in school texts is decreased for 40 years, and "Giving some knowledge" is increased. These results are related to the ratio of female students who go on to Junior colleges and universities, and value of children.These results indicate that Cross-cultural and Cross-historical analysis like these researches lead to making clear the relationship between cultural system and human behaviors.2 Presentations in conferencesThe results are presented at five international conferences and for Japanese domestic conference as follows.;For example:Rieko TOMO, Family in Japanese, Chinese, Thai, and Korean elementary school textbooks, In Association of Japanese psychology, 2001.Rieko TOMO, Primary and secondary control displayed in Asian school textbooks, In International Congress of Applied Psychology, 2002.Rieko TOMO, Ideal and reality of family in Japan, China, Taiwan, and Korea, In Association of Japanese education psychology, 2002.