Rapid identification of compost maturity using molecular biological method

以狗食作为有机废弃物的堆肥原料，在60 ℃下进行了14 d的高温堆肥。通过分析每种有机物质成分的浓度并通过量化由于有机物质分解而产生的CO_2释放来测量堆肥过程中的有机物质分解。此外，通过测定堆肥物料中微生物基因的PCR-RFLP图谱的变化，阐明了微生物的演替。结果表明，堆肥过程中碳水化合物首先降解，然后蛋白质开始降解，接着脂肪开始主动降解。到堆肥第8天，有机物的剧烈分解停止，CO_2释放量也极低。通过对16 SrDNA序列的RFLP图谱分析表明，堆肥后期微生物群落演替没有发生变化，有机物分解速率已变得极低。此外，通过小松菜进行的植物生长试验，研究了有机质分解程度不同的堆肥的腐熟度，有机质降解、微生物演替与堆肥腐熟度之间的关系具有良好的对应性。

Using dog food as a model of the organic waste that comprises composting raw material, thermophilic composting controlled at 60 ℃ was conducted for 14 days. Organic matter decomposition during composting was measured by analyzing the concentration of each organic matter constituents and by quantifying the C0_2 evolution that arises as a result of the organic substance decomposition. In addition, the microbial succession was elucidated by measuring the changes in PCR-RFLP pattern of microbial gene in the composting material. It was found out that the carbohydrate was degraded first immediately after the start of composting, then the protein begun to be degrade followed by the active degradation of the fat during composting process. The vigorous organic matter decomposition ceased by the 8th day of composting, and CO_2 evolution had also become extremely low after that time. Microbial succession analyzed by measuring the change of RFLP patterns of 16S rDNA sequences made it clear that microbial succession did not change to the later stage of composting, the rate of organic matter decomposition had become extremely low. Furthermore, maturity of various composts with different degrees of organic matter decomposition was investigated by carrying out the plant growth test using Komatsuna, and well correspondence was observed in the relationship between organic matter degradation, the microbial succession, and the compost maturity.