Research for the development of an implantable artificial heart for permanent use

本研究的目的是开发一种高性能的小型植入式人工心脏，以实现永久使用的人工心脏。回转式波动泵是一种新型的波动泵，它是针对磁悬浮驱动而发展起来的。第一种模型是用带有永久磁铁的圆盘和带有电磁铁和霍尔传感器的泵壳开发的。开发了驱动电路，以检验三角形接线、Y接线和斥力驱动方法。在排斥法中，磁盘是由磁斥力驱动的。结果表明，排斥法的效率明显低于其他两种方法。因此，主动控制间隙距离的Delta配线或Y配线方法被认为比不需要主动间隙控制的排斥法更好。在此基础上，建立了球面电磁铁位于含有球面永磁体的环形圆盘中心的第二种模型。第二种型号的驱动没有任何霍尔传感器，带有新开发的驱动电路。第二种模式可以在100毫米汞柱的压力负荷下产生7L/min的能量。为了实现间隙距离的主动控制，实验研制了一种光纤间隙传感器。在该缝隙传感器中，检测到了与血液的散射光。结果表明，该传感器可以实现0~0.5 mm的间隙控制。在采用非旋转波动泵的波动泵全人工心脏中，针对第三种模型存在的问题，提出了第四种模型。在第四个模型中，它的总体设计、制造程序和驱动机构都进行了全面的改变。用第四种模型，一只山羊可以存活11天。

The purpose of this research was to develop a small implantable artificial heart with high performance to realize an artificial heart for permanent use. The rotary undulation pump, which is a quite new undulation pump, has been developing aiming to be driven with a magnetic levitation method. The first model was developed with a disk having permanent magnets and pump housing having electromagnets and hall sensors. The drive circuit was developed to examine the delta wired, Y wired and repulsion drive methods. In the repulsion method, the disk was driven by the magnetic repulsion. The result showed that the efficiency was quite lower in the repulsion method than in the other two methods. Therefore, the delta wired or Y wired methods with an active control of the gap distance was considered to be better than the repulsion method that required no active gap control. Based on the result, the second model in which spherical surface electromagnets were situated at the center of the ring-shaped disk that involves spherical surface permanent magnets was developed. The second model was driven without any hall sensors with newly developed drive circuit. The second model could generate 7L/min against 100mmHg of pressure load. To realize an active control of the gap distance, a gap sensor using optical fiber was experimentally developed. In this gap sensor, scattered light with blood was detected. The result showed the possibility that gap distance of 0 to 0.5mm could be controlled with this sensor. In the undulation pump total artificial heart using non-rotation undulation pump, forth model was developed to improve the problems in the third model. In the forth model, its total design, making procedure and drive mechanism were fully changed. A goat could survive for 11 days with the forth model.