Socratic Inquiry in Plato's Early Philosophy : Dialectic Structure and its significance of today

本研究的目的在于阐释和考察柏拉图早期对话录中苏格拉底的探究及其在今天的意义。由于柏拉图的对话不是团结思考的痕迹，而是苏格拉底和他的对话者（甚至旁观者）之间的运动，我的研究并不是为了寻找苏格拉底（或柏拉图）可能达到的任何博士学位。事实上，苏格拉底式的探究总是陷入无意义的境地。如果这些调查集中在逻辑论证，aporias只不过是简单的失败。然而，苏格拉底对话中的阿波里亚并不仅仅是失败，而是值得研究的。有必要把它们作为苏格拉底探究的基本阶段来考察;否则，通过问题和答案交织而成的运动就会被简化为一些博士学位，而苏格拉底就会被认为是这些博士学位的持有者。因为为什么与苏格拉底对话是“上帝的礼物”（Apol。30 d 7-e1）是我们从假设我们“知道一些高尚和美好的东西”（Apol。21 d4）和我们的傲慢。也就是说，柏拉图早期对话录中的“苏格拉底”这个礼物，在于剥夺了我们认为自己知道某事的假设。因此，本研究通过文本（本研究的报告涉及Laches，Protagoras，Lysis，Gorgias，Republic I和Meno）来考察苏格拉底的探究如何以及为什么会陷入Aporia，并阐述了苏格拉底Aporia的意义。

The aim of this research is to expound and examine Socrates' inquiry in Plato's early dialogues and its significance of today. Since Plato's dialogues are not traces of solidary thinking, but movements between Socrates and his interlocutors (and even bystanders), I don't target this research for seeking any doctorines Socrates (or Plato) might have reached. In fact, Socratic inquiries always fall into aporias. If those inquiries focus on logical argumentations, aporias are nothing but plain failures. Aporias in the Socratic dialogues, however, are not mere failures, but worthy of investigation. It is necessary to examine them as essential phase of the Socratic inquiries ; otherwise, movements woven through questions and answers would be reduced to some doctorines, and Socrates would be taken as a bearer of such doctorines. For the reason why dialogues with Socrates is 'a gift of the god' (Apol. 30d7-e1) is that we are released from supposing we 'know something noble and good' (Apol. 21d4) and our insolence. That is, the gift 'Socrates' in Plato's early dialogues consists in depriving us of supposing that we know something. Thus, this research has examined by texts (Reports of this research deals with Laches, Protagoras, Lysis, Gorgias, Republic I and Meno) how and why Socratic inquires fall into aporia, and expounded significance of Socratic aporia.