Developing the questionnaire of subjective everyday memory and cognition for the Japanese elderly.

一般来说，随着年龄的增长，记忆性能会下降。舌尖是老年人最常见的现象之一。每天的失误或失误都得到了彻底的检查。然而，很少有人研究老年人对日常记忆和认知活动的感受。为此，我们编制了一份自填式问卷，以测量老年人在日常记忆和认知功能方面感觉不如年轻人。经过两次预测，我们新筛选出36个关于老年人日常记忆和认知表现的问卷项目。值得注意的是，大多数题目都与当今认知心理学的热点问题(如工作记忆和前瞻记忆)密切相关。然后我们在东京的Setagaya-ku进行了家庭访谈。分析的最终数字是2332人，这一比率为66%。我们再次对1550名居住在农村地区的老年人进行了入户访谈。用于分析的最终数字为1134，比率为73%。我们进行了因素分析，提取了8个因素，并将这些因素分别标记为“使用先进信息工具”、“面部识别”、“遗忘”、“存储和编码”、“自传体记忆”、“环境认知”、“记忆辅助使用”和“前瞻记忆”。最有趣的结果是，这8个因素似乎与我们在东京已经发现的因素非常相似。这一结果表明，与每个记忆和认知密切相关的那些被认为是相当稳定的。

Generally memory performance declines as one gets older. Tip of tongue is one of the most well known phenomenon for elderly. Everyday slips or lapses have been thoroughly examined. However, rare studies have been conducted to examine how older people feel about their daily memory and cognitive activities. For this reason, we developed a self-report questionnaire in order to measure which field of everyday memory and cognitive functions the elderly feel inferior to the young.After we conducted a pre-test twice, we newly selected 36 questionnaire items about daily memory and cognitive performance for the elderly. Note that most of items were closely related to hot issues of cognitive psychology today (e.g., working memory, and prospective memory). We then conducted in-home interview Setagaya-ku, Tokyo. A final number used for an analysis was 2332, and this rate was 66%.We again conducted in-home interview with 1550 elders residing in the rural area. A final number used for an analysis was 1134, and the rate was 73%. We conducted a factor analysis, extracted eight factors, and labeled these factors as 'Use of advanced informational tool,' 'Facial recognition,' 'Forgetting,' 'Storage and encoding,' 'Autobiographical memory,' 'Environmental cognition,' 'Use of memory aid,' and 'Prospective memory' respectively.The most interesting result was that these eight factors seem to be very similar to the factors that we have already found in Tokyo. This result suggests that those, which were deeply related to the every memory and cognition, were supposed to be quite stable.