A sociological Study of Abusive Environments Based on Research on Abused children coming into Foster Care.

摘要本文通过对132名受虐待儿童和140名未受虐待儿童的对照研究，描述了虐待环境的特征，如虐待父母和家庭成员。本次调查的对象是被选为北海道地区最高质量儿童保育设施之一的A保育院，从建院的1946年开始到2001年为止，进入和离开A保育院的909名儿童（484名男孩和425名女孩）及其父母和其他家庭成员（909个家庭）。研究的重点是儿童及其父母的基本特征。结果表明：(1)对照组儿童被寄养的常见原因是“旷课/不上学”、“学校拒绝”和“其他”。(2)情感和行为问题：受虐儿童在被寄养后更容易立即出现问题。(3)受虐儿童普遍存在情绪和行为问题。(4)受虐儿童生父的精神障碍发生率较高。(5)在生父的就业状况方面，对照组儿童的父亲较多从事正规工作，而受虐儿童的父亲较多从事临时工和季节性工作。(6)受虐待儿童的生父/继父比对照组儿童的生父更容易出现问题行为和经济困难。(7)受虐儿童的生父遭受虐待的经历较多。(8)受虐儿童生母的平均生育年龄较低。(9)对照组儿童的母亲受教育程度更高。（10）在受虐儿童群体中，生母进入寄养家庭时的平均年龄较低。（11）受虐儿童的亲生母亲中精神障碍更为普遍。（12）就生母的就业状况而言，对照组儿童的母亲更有可能有固定工作，而受虐待儿童的母亲则更普遍从事兼职工作。（13）关于生母的职业，控制组儿童的母亲更常从事销售、文员和蓝领工作，而受虐待儿童的母亲更可能在酒吧或夜总会工作。（14）受虐待儿童的生母/继母比对照组儿童的生母/继母更容易出现问题行为和经济困难。（15）受虐待儿童的生母更有可能有被照顾的经历。（16）被亲生母亲的父母虐待的经历在受虐待儿童的亲生母亲中更为常见。（17）至于在孩子被寄养前，生父（或继父）与生母（或继母）的关系，在对照组中，“没有特别问题的合法（普通法）婚姻”更为常见，而“没有特别问题的不愉快/破裂/混乱的合法（普通法）婚姻”则是受虐待的孩子。（18）关于是否想要孩子的问题，在对照组中“父母双方都想要孩子”更为常见，而在受虐待儿童组中“生父不想要孩子”和“生母不想要孩子”更为常见。（19）受虐儿童更有可能得到定期探视。少

A Sociological Study of Abusive Environments Based on Research on Abused Children Coming into Foster Care AbstractThis paper describes the characteristics of abusive environments, such as abusive parents and family members, based on a comparison of 132 abused children and a control group of 140 non-abused children. The research was conducted on 909 children (484 boys and 425 girls) who entered and left Child Care Institution A, which was selected as one of the highest quality care facilities for children in Hokkaido Prefecture, during a period from 1946, the year of the foundation of the Institution, through 2001, and their parents and other members of their families (909 families). The focus of the research was on the basic attributes of the children and their parents.The results were as follows : (1)Common reasons for control group children being taken into foster care were "absenteeism from/nonattendance at school, " "School rejection, " and "other." (2)Emotional and behavioral prob … More lems immediately after taken into foster care were observed more commonly among abused children. (3)Present emotional and behavioral problems were more common among abused children. (4)Mental disorders of biological fathers were more common among biological fathers of abused children. (5)As regards biological father's employment status, fathers of control group children were more likely to have regular work, while temporary and seasonal work was more common among fathers of abused children. (6)Problematic behavior and financial difficulty were more common among biological fathers/stepfathers of abused children than among biological fathers of control group children. (7)Experiences of being abused by parents of biological fathers were more common among biological fathers of abused children. (8)The average age of childbearing was lower in biological mothers of abused children. (9)Mothers of control group children were more likely to be better educated. (10)The average age of biological mothers at the time of their children's entry into foster care was lower in the group of abused children. (11)Mental disorders of biological mothers were more common among biological mothers of abused children. (12)As regards biological mother's employment status, mothers of control group children were more likely to have regular work, while part-time work was more common among mothers of abused children. (13)As regards biological mother's line of work, sales, clerical and blue-collar work were more common among mothers of control group children, while mothers of abused children were more likely to work in a bar or nightclub. (14)Problematic behavior and financial difficulty were more common among biological mothers/stepmothers of abused children than among biological mothers/stepmothers of control group children. (15)Biological mothers of abused children were more likely to have the experience of being taken into care. (16)Experiences of being abused by parents of biological mothers were more common among biological mothers of abused children. (17)As regards the relationship between the biological father (or stepfather) and biological mother (or stepmother) immediately before the child was taken into foster care, "legal (common-law) marriage with no particular problem" was more common in the control group, while "unhappy/collapsed/disordered legal (common-law) marriage with no particular problem" was abused children. (18)As regards whether the birth of the child was wanted, "birth wanted by both parents" was more common in the control group, while "birth unwanted by the biological father" and "birth unwanted by the biological mother" were more common in the group of abused children. (19)Abused children were more likely to be visited regularly. Less