A Study on the Relation of Geisteswissenschaftliche Paedagogik to Nazism: Examining its Unpublished Material

为了考察盖斯特学派这一教育研究学术流派与纳粹主义的关系，本研究首先考察了该学派在20世纪30年代出版的书籍和文章，但没有发现它们之间有明显的关系。因此，本研究收集并解读了Spranger、Nohl、Litt、Flitner和Veniger等主要学者未发表的信件和礼仪。首先，在尼德萨克森国立图书馆和哥廷根大学图书馆收集了大量关于在日本很少受到关注的埃里希·维尼格的资料。对材料的检查清楚地表明了维尼格与(1)斯普林格、(2)诺尔、(3)利特、(4)弗利特纳的关系。其次，还收集了大量诺尔未出版的资料，并对他与纳粹主义的关系进行了更详细的解释。第三，在布伦斯韦格大学斯普林格档案馆获得了斯普林格、诺尔和弗利特纳的书信，表明了他们对纳粹主义的看法。结论：(1)利特在政治和学术上强烈反对纳粹主义；(2)相反，在政治环境下，维尼格用他的历史学理论向纳粹主义靠拢；(3)诺尔虽然一开始就抵制纳粹主义，但随着形势的变化，他变得顺应纳粹主义；(4)斯普林格是最有影响力的学者之一，他与纳粹主义的关系错综复杂；他选择了“内心流放”，即情感抵抗，但他回避了政治上的反抗。(5)弗利特纳像许多其他学者一样，既没有抵抗也没有积极支持地致力于古典研究，因此他与纳粹主义是一致的。

In order to investigate the relation of Geisteswissenschaftliche Paedagogik, an academic school of educational research to Nazism, this study first examined the books and articles of the school published in the 1930's. no apparent relation between them, however, was found. Thus, the study collected and interpreted the unpublished correspondence and protocol of its major scholars such as Spranger, Nohl, Litt, Flitner and Weniger. The remarkable results are as follows: Firstly, plenty of material on Erich Weniger, who had been paid little attention in Japan, was collected at the State Library of Niedersachsen and the Library of the University of Goettingen. The examination of the material made clear the relation of Weniger to (1) Spranger, (2) Nohl, (3) Litt, (4) Flitner. Secondly, plenty of the unpublished material of Nohl was also collected and his relation to Nazism was explained more in detail. Thirdly, the correspondence of Spranger, Nohl and Flitner, showing their opinions on Nazism, were obtained at Spranger Archive of the University of Braunschweig. Conclusions: (1) Litt strongly opposed to Nazism politically and academically; (2) on the contrary Weniger became far closer to Nazism with his theory of history under the political circumstances; (3) although Nohl resisted Nazism at the beginning, he became along with it with situation changed; (4) Spranger, one of the most influential scholars, had an complicated relation to Nazism; while he chose the "inner exile," that is, a sentimental resistance, he avoided his political one. (5) Flitner, as many other scholars did, devoted himself to the classical studies neither with resistance nor with active support, and accordingly he came into line with Nazism.