An essay to introduce the drive (=instinct)-theory and the secend topology of Freud into the Kafka-study

我将驱力（=本能）理论和弗洛伊德的第二拓扑引入卡夫卡研究的文章是通过三篇出版物，即对“判断”(I), （II）和“斯托克”的分析来实现的。这些文章有两点是新的。1)通过对卡夫卡作品的分析，发现了四种类型的人物。自我，本我，保护的超我和指责的超我。这四种类型在他的小说和故事中很常见。格奥尔格·本德曼，俄罗斯朋友，格奥尔格的父亲在“变形”之前（一个激进的性格变化），格奥尔格的父亲在“变形”之后是自我，本我，保护（友好）的超我和指责（严格）的超我。在《Stoker b>》中，Karl Rossmann, Stoker， Karl的叔叔，Karl的父亲就是这四种类型。在《变形记》中，变形前的格里高尔·萨姆萨、变形后的格里高尔、“变形”前的父亲和“变形”后的父亲构成了这四种类型。在《流放地b>》中，探险家、士兵、现在的指挥官、最后的指挥官和军官构成了这四种类型。这种图式可以通过深入的精神分析研究找到。2)在<The judgement b> >中，Georg的父亲毫无理由地判处自己的儿子溺水而死。这种难以理解的行为，只能用忧郁中驱力的消解来解释。在正常情况下，生命驱力和死亡驱力混合在本我中，但驱力的消解发生在忧郁中，死亡驱力从本我流入超我。作为诗人的卡夫卡的俄罗斯朋友是一种纯化的爱欲（整合的功能），因为文学无非是自我整合的作品。死亡驱力的流入使父亲如此残忍地判处自己的儿子死刑。

My essay to introduce the drive(=instinct)-theory and the second topology of Freud into the Kafka-study is achieved through three publications, the analysis of "The Judgment" (I), (II) and of "The Stoker". These essays are new in two points.1)Four types of figures are found through the analysis of the works of Kafka. The ego, the id, the protective superego and the accusing superego. These four types are common in his novels and stories. Georg Bendeman, the Russian friend, Georg's father before the "metamorphosis" (a radical character-change) and Georg's father after the "metamorphosis" are the ego, the id, the protective (friendly)superego and the accusing (strict) superego. In <The Stoker>, Karl Rossmann, the stoker, Karl's uncle, and Karl's father are these four types. In "The Metamorphosis", Gregor Samsa before the metamorphosis, Gregor after the metamorphosis, his father before the "metamorphosis" and his father after the "metamorphosis" constitute these four types. In <The Penal Colony>, the explorer, the soldier, the present commandant and the last commandant and the officer constitute these four types. This schema can be found through deep psychoanalytic research.2)In <The Judgment>, Georg's father sentences his own son to death by drowning without reason to do so. This behavior, which is hard to comprehend, can be explained only by the dissolution of drives in melancholy. The Life-Drive(=Instinct) and the Death-Drive are mixed in the id under normal conditions, but the dissolution of drives occurs in melancholy, and the inflow of the Death-Drive begins from the Id into the superego. The Russian friend as Kafka as poet is a purified Eros (the function of integration), because the literature is nothing other than a work of integration of ego. The inflow of Death-Drive makes the father so brutal to sentence his own son to death.