Rhetoric and scholasticism in fifteenth-century Italy

本研究项目旨在探讨15世纪意大利人文主义和修辞学与经院学派和辩证法之间的对立，为此，首席调查员研究了大英图书馆和华宝研究所的相关文献。研究对象主要分为三类：1.莱昂纳多·布鲁尼的《直立的解释》是根据他自己的拉丁文版本《ethica Nicomachea》而写的。在这篇关于翻译的论文中，布鲁尼赞扬了人文主义的方法，它试图捕捉‘句子’(意义)，而不是中世纪的翻译，尊重‘动词’(词)。这位调查者还研究了其他学者和翻译家，如阿方索·德·卡塔赫纳、乔治乌斯·特拉佩祖蒂乌斯、约阿希姆·佩里昂。二、乔瓦尼·皮科·德拉·米兰多拉与埃尔莫拉奥·巴巴罗在哲学和修辞学上的争论。皮科认为，学院派哲学具有独特的价值，而人文主义修辞学的唯美主义并不完全欣赏这种价值，而巴巴罗反对修辞学高于哲学，并倡导以希腊原文为基础的人文主义亚里士多德主义。3.安吉洛·波利齐亚诺的《拉米亚》，佛罗伦蒂诺工作室的开场演讲。波利齐亚诺在开始他的亚里士多德关于逻辑的著作之前发表了这篇演讲，为语言学家和人文学家对哲学文本的解释进行了辩护。以上三个研究对象的共同之处是人文主义者反对经院主义和辩证法，这在15世纪的意大利仍然保持着有影响力的地位，以及从原始希腊文本中衍生出的新的人文主义亚里士多德主义的兴起。

The present research project purported to look into aspects of the opposition in fifteenth-century Italy between humanism and rhetoric on the one hand and scholasticism and dialectic on the other, for which the head investigator studied the relevant literature housed in the British Library and the Warburg Institute. The objects of research fall into three main groups : 1.Leonardo Bruni's ‘De interpretatione recta' written in relation to his own Latin version of "Ethica Nicomachea". In this treatise on translation, Bruni extolled the humanist method that tried to capture the ‘sententia' (meaning) as against the medieval translation that respected the ‘verbum' (word). The investigator also studied other scholars and translators such as Alfonso de Cartagena, Georgius Trapezuntius, Joachim Perion. 2. The controversy on philosophy and rhetoric between Giovanni Pico della Mirandola and Ermolao Barbaro. Pico maintained that scholastic philosophy possessed unique values not fully appreciated by the estheticism of humanist rhetoric, whereas Barbaro objected that rhetoric was superior to philosophy and promoted a humanist Aristotelianism based on the Greek original. 3. Angelo Poliziano's "Lamia", a ‘praelectio' (opening lecture) at the Studio Fiorentino. The oration, which Poliziano delivered before embarking on his course of Aristotle's works on logic, defended the explication of philosophical texts by philologists and humanists. Common to the three objects of research above were the humanists' opposition to scholasticism and dialectic, which still retained influential positions in fifteenth-century Italy, and the rise of a new humanist Aristotelianism that derived from the original Greek text.