Studies on the Global-Local Problems in Spatial Planning

本研究旨在研究单一政策在不同空间层面上可能产生相互矛盾的影响的问题。这两个问题。即一个国家的适当土地利用和公共设施的位置，是该报告的主要主题。全文共分四章。第一章是关于过度拥挤和人口减少地区共存的问题。建立了一个具有内部空间的两个城市的模型，其中生产率受到的外部性不是来自人口数量，而是来自其空间分布。虽然很难通过分析获得定性的结果，但我们的数值分析表明，寻求全球平衡的政策可以促进局部失衡。第二章和第三章是关于NIMBY设施的选址。建立了相邻两个社区独立建设垃圾处理厂的模型，并从社会福利的角度对垃圾处理厂的空间布局进行了数值评价。使用统计比较静态方案来组织多样化的结果。第三章对福岛县垃圾处理厂的选址进行了一项实证研究。该研究试图用垃圾处理厂与运输成本最低的成本效益点之间的偏差来量化人们的厌恶程度。当多个设施在一个区域内运营时，每个设施的服务面积由Voronoi部门确定。第四章是关于机场的有效选址。该模型考虑了两个国家，一个近，一个远，以及是否在母国县城沿一段线路修建第二个机场。数值结果表明，地方提供两个机场的政策希望降低个人接入成本，并不一定会带来社会盈余的增加，因此与全球目标不一致。

This research is aimed at studying the problems where a single policy might have contradicting effects on the different spatial levels. The two problems. i.e., the proper land use of a country and the location of public facilities, are the major topics of the report. which comprises 4 chapters. Chapter 1 is on the problem related to the coexistence of overcrowded and depopulated areas. A model of two cities with internal spaces is formulated, where productivity receives an externality not from the mass of population, but from its spatial distribution. Although it is difficult to analytically obtain the qualitative results, our numerical analysis suggests that a policy to seek global balance can promote local imbalance. Chapter 2 and 3 are on the location of NIMBY facilities. A model concerning the case where two adjacent communities independently build their waste disposal plants is formulated, and spatial arrangements of the facilities are evaluated numerically from the viewpoint of social welfare. A statistical comparative static scheme is used to organize the diversified results. An empirical study on the location of waste disposal plants in Fukushima Prefecture is reported in Chapter 3. which attempts to quantify the degree of dislike using the deviation of the sites from the cost-efficient points where transport costs are minimized. When more than one facility is operated in one zone, the area served by the each facility Is determined by the Voronoi divisions Chapter 4 is on the efficient location of airports. The model considers two foreign countries, one near and the other far apart, and whether to build the second airport in the home county along a line segment. The numerical results suggest that the local policy to provide two airports In the hope of reducing individual access costs does not necessarily bring the increase in the social surplus, thus disagrees with the global target.