Basic studies on breeding of blueberry

为了建立适合日本的蓝莓品种，对42个高丛蓝莓（HB）、16个南方高丛蓝莓（SHB）和34个兔眼蓝莓（RB）品种和选材进行了遗传评价，其中5个是蓝莓野生种。成熟果实的果肉质量存在0.8 ~ 3.2g的品种差异。在所有品种中，成熟果实中的糖几乎由等量的葡萄糖和果糖组成。RB品种的总糖含量有高于HB和SHB品种的趋势。SHB品种成熟果实中总有机酸含量低于其他品种。在RB品种和HB、SHB品种中，奎宁酸和柠檬酸分别占优势。部分HB和SHB品种雨护栽培与露天栽培相比，雨护栽培果实重、总糖含量高、总有机酸含量低。雨养栽培的果实总花青素含量也高于雨养栽培，但果实MeOH提取物的抗氧化活性在雨养栽培和雨养栽培之间无显著差异。结果表明，日本野生种蓝莓（vuminium uliginosum， V. uliginosum）与蓝莓品种杂交后，以vumiginosum为种子亲本，容易获得种子。利用RAPD和流式细胞术对KB7、9、10选材（V. uliginosum בBluecrop’）的叶、花特征和核基因组进行分析，证实了其杂交性。KB7的成熟果实呈球形，与紫茎草相似，但重量是紫茎草的4倍，虽然比蓝茎草轻，但也具有不同于亲本的果柄较长的特点。此外，其糖和酸组成以及总糖和有机酸含量分别与花粉亲本‘蓝菜’非常相似。花青素含量高达265.9mg/100gF.W。Bluecrop （78.9mg/100gF.W）的3倍以上。这些杂交裤子将用于未来的遗传和育种研究。少

In order to establish some blueberry cultivars adaptable to Japan, we collected and evaluated 42 highbush blueberry (HB), 16 southern highbush blueberry (SHB) and 34 rabbiteye blueberry (RB) cultivars and selections including 5 Vaccinium wild species as genetic resource. There was 0.8〜3.2g wide varietal difference at the flesh weight of the mature fruit. Sugar in mature fruit was composed almost glucose and fructose in equal amounts in all cultivars. However, the total sugar content of RB cultivar tended to be higher than those of HB and SHB cultivar. Total organic acid content in the mature fruit of SHB cultivar was lower than the other cultivar. And the quinic acid and the citric acid were predominant in RB cultivars and HB and SHB cultivars, respectively. In comparison of the rain protected and the open culture of some HB and SHB cultivars, the fruit weight was heavier, total sugar content was higher and total organic acid was lower in the former culture. And total anthocyanin conte … More nt was also higher in the rain protected culture, but the antioxidative activity of the MeOH extract of fruit was no difference between the both cultivation.As a result of reciprocal crossings between Vaccinium uliginosum (V. uliginosum) which is a wild species of Japan and blueberry cultivar, it was revealed that the seed was easy to be obtained, when V. uliginosum was used for the seed parent. Hybridity of the KB7, 9, 10 selections (V. uliginosum × 'Bluecrop') was confirmed by leaf and flower characteristics and nuclear genome analysis using RAPD and flow cytometry. The mature fruit of KB7 was spherical shape like that of V. uliginosum, however, the weight was 4 times heavier than V. uliginosum, although it was lighter than 'Bluecrop', and it also had the distinctive features in which the fruit stalk was long unlike parents. Furthermore, its sugar and acid composition and the total sugar and organic acid content were very similar to 'Bluecrop' which is the pollen parent, respectively. In addition, the anthocyanin content was very high with 265.9mg/100gF.W. over 3 times of 'Bluecrop' (78.9mg/100gF.W.). These hybrid pants will be used in future genetic and breeding studies. Less