Biomechanical study of crow especially, visual, vocal sound, memory and learning

研究了乌鸦的声罪恶（大舌曲）。声音信号分为五类。第一步是警告，第二步是A，第三步是交战。另外两种是爱的呼唤和喂养的呼唤。声音周期范围为**00 ~ 10,000Hz。而强波位于2000 ~ 3000 Hz。第一种警告声音的声波比其他警告声音的声波长。当预警条件发展到较为严重的情况时，重复语音的间隔时间越来越短，声波周期为1000 ~ 2000 hz。在这种情况下，乌鸦的行为表现出咬周围树枝的特殊迹象。爱情叫歌声很轻的声音。雄乌鸦发出这样的声音后，雌乌鸦也会发出类似的、更轻的声音。它们相互重复。这种情况下的声波在声音分析仪中位于6000Hz。

Vocal sin was investigated in crow (Curves macrorhynchos). Vocal signs were determined five categories. One was first step of warning, second step (called A) and third steps warring call (called B). Another two were love call and feeding call. Sound cycle rang was **00〜10,000Hz. However, strong waves were located in 2000〜3000 Hz. Sound waves of First warning voice were longer than that of other warning voice.When Warning condition become to more critical situation, interval of repeated voice was getting short and voice wave cycle was 1,000〜2,000Hz. In this situation, crows behavior makes special sign with bite tree branch around crow.Love call sings were very light voice. After male crow makes such sound, female crow makes similar and more lightly sounds. They repeat each other. Sound wave of this condition located at 6000Hz in the voice analyzer.