Studies on the epidemiology (water birds) for the multiple contaminations by various toxic heavy metals and the effects of the metals on gene.

1.流行病学研究：对74只水鸟、58只浅水鸭和16只潜水鸭的肝脏和肾脏中铬、钼、钛、铊、镉、钒和铜的含量进行了调查。除铜外，这些元素的含量分布范围很广，从ND(未检出值)到大于10μg/g干重。这些鸭的肝脏中铜的含量很高(超过100μg/g干重)，而且分布范围很广，但没有ND值。此外，几个元素含量的平均值与中位数有很大差异，如斑嘴鸭肾脏中的Tl含量，肾脏和肝脏中的钛和钒含量。然而，由于没有关于这些鸭子中金属含量的正常范围(控制)的信息，我们不能因为这些金属含量的污染而得出结论。通常很难知道每种鸟类的确切年龄、食性和/或栖息地，因此…此外，也很难准确掌握生活区的污染情况。因此，我们选择了具有大量数据的Cd污染，并试图建立一个新的指标(综合对照)来评价鸟类和哺乳动物的污染。2.从野生动物参考文献中首次获得了一个新的指标：肾脏和肝脏中Cd含量(83个数据)，并在此基础上建立了Cd标准回归线(CSRL)作为综合控制线。CSRL是从正常人和伊泰病患者镉负荷之间的关系，以及正常动物器官中镉含量与实验动物镉暴露之间的关系来验证的。结果表明，CSRL作为一条综合控制线是可行的。3.有毒金属对染色体DNA的影响：以大肠杆菌(K-12株)和增殖性淋巴细胞(L.M；L98-82B1株)为研究对象，研究了Na_3V_4、CdCl2和SnCl2对染色体DNA的影响。结果表明，根据金属的不同，染色体DNA上可能存在几个不同的突变位置，当元素存在于环境中时，突变可能发生在较短的时间内。这些点对于分析不同菌株之间的基因组结构和致病性是很重要的。因此，这些观点还需要进一步的研究。4.结论：这些结果的一部分已经发表在下一页，所有的结果都已汇总在与本文一起提交的报告中。较少

1.Epidemiological study : Contents of Cr, Mo, Ti, Tl, Cd, V and Cu were investigated for the livers and kidneys of the 74 water birds ; 58 dabbling ducks and 16 diving ducks. The contents for these elements were distributed in wide ranges from ND(not detect value) to more than 10μg/g dry weight except for Cu. Cu contents were very high in many livers of these ducks (more than 100μg/g dry weight), and the contents were also distributed in wide range but had no ND value. Further, several mean values for element contents were largely different from the median values such as Tl contents in the kidneys of widgeons, Ti and V contents in the kidneys and livers of spotbill ducks, respectively. However, we could not jump to a conclusion as the contamination by these metal contents because of no information for the normal range (control) of the metal contents in these ducks. It is generally very difficult to know the exact age, feeding habit and/or living area of each bird species, and therefore … More , it is also difficult to grasp the exact contamination of living area. Thus, we selected Cd pollution having many data, and tried to make a new indicator (an integrated control) for birds and mammals to evaluate of the pollution.2.A new indicator : Cd contents in kidney and liver (83 data) were first obtained from references for wildlife that any special contamination was not written, and then, a Cd standard regression line(CSRL) was made as an integrated control line. The CSRL was verified from the relation between the Cd burdens of normal human and Itai-Itai disease patients, and from the relation between the contents in the organs of normal animals and the experimental animals Cd exposed. The results suggested the availability of CSRL as an integrated control line. Further, this CSRL suggested that 74 water birds investigated in the present study included several contaminated birds.3.Effects of toxic metals on the chromosomal DNA : Effects of Na_3V_4,CdCl_2 and SnCl_2 on chromosomal DNA were investigated using E.coli (K-12 strain) and Lmonocytogenes (L.m ; L98-82B1 strain). The results showed the possibilities that several different mutation sites are located on the chromosomal DNA depending on the metals, and that the mutations occur within short times when the elements exist in the environment. These points are important for the analysis of genomic structures and pathogenicity between the different strains. Thus, further investigation would be needed for these points.4.Conclusion : A part of these results has already published as next page and all results have been summarized in the report submitting with this paper. Less