Study on the epidemiology of Cadmium contamination in wild birds

1)本研究首先采用ICP法测定了野生鸟类肝脏和肾脏中8种含Cd重金属的含量，并评价其是否适合作为环境污染监测仪。因此，对某些元素之间的相关性、元素的多重污染以及污染程度与繁殖区域、食物或生活场所等之间的关系得到了一些结果，建议这些鸟类发挥环境污染监测仪的作用。这些研究结果大部分已经发表。参考文献（部分，已提交出版）。2)以市售商品和含禽野生动物中单核增生李斯特菌（L.m）的污染为基础，研究重金属和细菌的多重污染，以及金属对基因的影响。因此，市场上出售的肉类中存在不同血清型的多重污染，但野生动物中没有。在含重金属（Cd、V、Sn）的培养基中多次培养L.m菌株，提取染色体dna。研究结果为探讨重金属对基因的影响奠定了基础。3)采用离体器官和培养细胞对重金属的体外吸收进行了研究。明确了豚鼠大肠带绦虫中V含量与效应之间的关系。以V为指示剂，研究了金属对体外培养细胞（Vero细胞）的影响，并与离体器官进行了比较。然后，在Vero细胞中获得了类似的结果，尽管反应比在分离器官中更快。这些结果部分发表于2011年。参考文献，更多的研究正在继续研究中。

1) The contents of 8 heavy metals containing Cd in the liver and kidney of wild birds were firstly determined with ICP method in the present study, and then it was evaluated whether they were suitable or not as the monitor of environmental contamination. These birds were, consequently, suggested to play a role as an monitor of environmental contamination because several results were obtained for the correlation among certain elements, multiple contamination by elements, and the relations between the degree of the contamination and reproduction area, foods or living sites etc. Most of these results have already been published as 11. REFERENCES (partly, in submitted for publication).2) The contamination by L.monocytogense (L.m) in marketed meets and wildlife containing bird were searched as the base study for the investigations of multiple contamination by heavy metals and bacteria, and effects of metals on gene. Multiple contamination by different serotypes was, then, suggested in the marketed meats but not in wildlife. Further, chromosomal DNAs were extracted after the several times' cultures of isolated L.m strains in the medium containing heavy metals (Cd, V, Sn). In the results the base was established for the investigation of the effects of heavy metals on gene from the change in endonuclease cleveage patterns.3) The uptake of heavy metals was investigated in vitro using isolated organs and culture cell. The relation between the V contents and effects were clarified in guinea-pig taenia coli for the contaminated V which measurement was known to be difficult. Further, the effects of metals on cultured cell (Vero cell) were investigated using V as indicator, then the results were compared with them from isolated organs. Similar results were, then, obtained in the Vero cell though the reaction was faster than those in isolated organs. These results have been partially published as 11. REFERENCES, and more study is in continued examination.