Histochemical and functional aspects of glycolipids

用激光共聚焦扫描显微镜和透射电镜研究了不同种类糖脂的组织化学定位。用4%甲醛和1%戊二醛预处理大鼠各脏器，切成40μm厚的非冷冻切片，用抗糖脂类单克隆抗体（抗gm1、GD2、GD3、GT1b、GQ1b、Gb3等）处理，光镜下用cy3标记的次二级抗体处理，电镜下用过氧化物酶标记的次二级抗体处理。部分神经器官标本还采用Cy5标记法对GABA、谷氨酸等神经递质进行特异性抗体染色。在小脑皮层，各神经节苷脂均表现出特定的分布规律，如浦肯野细胞体的质膜及其树突、高尔基池、浦肯野细胞体周围部分神经末梢的抗gq1b抗体阳性。这些区域尤其是浦肯野细胞体周围的神经末梢抗gaba抗体也呈阳性。在小肠中，对奥尔巴赫神经丛和外肌层进行特异性染色，检测某些神经节苷脂抗体，如GM1、GD2。对肠腺上皮细胞基底外侧质膜进行gb3特异性染色。糖脂在各器官的特定分布似乎与神经元功能和其他细胞功能有一定的特定关系。

Histochemical localization of various kinds of glycolipids was investigated with the use of confocal laser scanning microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Rat various organs prefixed with 4% formaldehyde and 1% glutaraldehyde were cut into nonfrozen slices (40μm thick) and treated with monoclonal antibodies against glycolipids (anti-GM1, GD2, GD3, GT1b, GQ1b, Gb3 etc.) followed by treatment with Cy3-labeled socondary antibody for light microscopy or peroxidase-labeled socondary antibody for electron microscopy. Some of the specimens from neuronal organs were also stained with specific antibodies against neurotransmitters (GABA, glutamate etc.) by Cy5 labeling method. In cerebellar cortex, each ganglioside revealed specific distribution pattern, e.g. anti-GQ1b antibody was positive for the plasma membrane of Purkinje cell body and its dendrites, Golgi cisternae, part of the nerve endings around the Purkinje cell body. These areas especially the nerve endings around the Purkinje cell body were also positive for anti-GABA antibody. In small intestine, Auerbach's plexus and outer muscular layer were specifically stained for some ganglioside antibodies e.g. GM1, GD2. Basolateral plasma membrane of intestinal gland epithelial cells were specifically stained for anti-Gb3. Specific distribution of glycolipids in various organs seem to have some specific relationships with neuronal functions and other cellular functions.