Psychorheological Approach to Dysphagia

本研究的目的是评估佩戴全口义齿对无牙老年人咀嚼和吞咽的影响。四组志愿者分别是无牙老人、有牙老人、有牙的正常年轻人和挑食的年轻人，他们吃了五种半固体食物，并吞下了2ml的冷茶。研究无牙老年人在佩戴上下义齿、不佩戴下义齿和不佩戴上下义齿三种情况下，二腹肌前腹肌表肌电图和下颌运动的变化。采用重复测量方差分析和Scheffe检验进行统计分析。老年人的咀嚼持续时间明显长于年轻人。无牙老年人与无牙老年人在某些食物上的咀嚼时间差异无统计学意义。无牙患者的咀嚼时间在各试验食物中均明显长于青壮年。而在马铃薯肉末、试验胶和甘薯胶中，无牙患者与青壮年无牙患者的停留时间差异无统计学意义。无牙患者的咀嚼时间比无牙患者的咀嚼时间明显延长。无牙患者无上、下义齿与无下义齿相比，咀嚼时间明显延长。除试胶和马铃薯甜胶外，无上颌假牙或双侧假牙的持续时间延长无明显变化。对食物的喜欢和不喜欢的因素比其他因素对口腔状况的影响更大。这些结果表明，佩戴全口义齿有助于维持老年人咀嚼半固体食物的生理过程。

The purpose of this study was to evaluate effect of wearing complete dentures on mastication and swallowing in the edentulous elderly. Four groups of volunteers, which were edentulous elderly, dentulous elderly, dentulous normal young adults and a young picky eater, ate five semisolid foods and swallowed 2ml cold tea. Edentulous elderly were studied in terms of surface electromyography of anterior belly of digastrics and master muscles, and mandibular movement under three conditions, with upper and lower denture, without lower denture, and without upper and lower dentures. A repeated-measures ANOVA and Scheffe's test were used for statistical analysis.1. Duration of mastication in the dentulous elderly was significantly longer than those in young adults.2. No significant difference was seen in duration of mastication between the edentulous and dentulous elderly in some foods.3. Duration of mastication in edentulous patients without upper and lower dentures was significantly longer than that in young adults in every test food. However in minced flesh, test jelly and sweet jelly of potato, there was no significant difference in duration between edentulous patients with upper and lower dentures and young adults4. Duration of mastication in edentulous patients was significantly prolonged without upper and lower dentures comparing with upper and lower dentures.5. Duration of mastication in edentulous patients was significantly prolonged without upper and lower dentures comparing without lower dentures.6. There are no changes in prolongation of duration without upper or both dentures except in test jelly and sweet jelly of potato.7. The factor that was likes and dislikes in foods more strongly influenced on prolongation than other factors in the oral conditions. These results suggested that wearing complete dentures contributes to maintain physiological procedure of masticating semisolid foods in the elderly.