Fundamental Aspects of Odor Perception and Responses on Humans of Inhalation of Essential Oils

(1)感官测试：在精油香味感知变化的基础上，根据工作类型，即脑力劳动、体力劳动和听到环境（自然）声音，开发了精油香味感知变化的感官测试。在评估对给定香气的感知变化时，通过13对对比形容词来评估对香味的感知，并在每种工作之前和之后吸入香味后记录分数。13个印象描述符得分变化的统计显著性，然后对每个类型的工作进行学生t检验。(2)旋光性芳樟醇的感官测试：为了明确气味感知是否依赖于对映体结构，我们尝试对芳樟醇的对映体进行感官测试，即(R)-(-)-、(S)-(+)和(RS)-（±）-形式。利用感官评价谱进行的感官分析研究表明，对映异构体可以被认为是具有显著差异的气味，这不仅取决于对映异构体的种类，而且取决于被试所分配的任务。(3)测量的重复性测试：以感官评价谱测试测量的重复性。所获得的结果表明，该测量具有良好的可重复性，可用于评估对精油香味感知的变化。气味反应的基本方面：通过多通道皮肤温度计研究和便携式前额表面脑电图（IBVA-EEG）测量来检查人类吸入精油香味的影响。所检测的精油是罗勒和薄荷精油对脑力劳动的精油，芳樟醇和薄荷精油对脑力劳动和听力环境声音的精油，因为我们之前的感官测试表明，在这些环境下，感觉光谱是相反的。这意味着吸入芳樟醇或薄荷会引起不同的气味反应，这取决于分配给受试者的工作类型（即脑力工作或听到环境声音）。结论：我们的研究结果因此表明了气味显著性的一些重要方面，作为神经生理刺激，引起不同的感知，并导致不同的气味反应，依赖于受试者的内部和外部条件。少

I.Fundamental Aspects of odor perception(1)Sensory Test : Based on perceptional change of fragrance of essential oils, a sensory test for perceptional changes of the fragrance of essential oils was developed in relation to type of work, that is, mental work, physical work and hearing environmental (natural) sounds. In evaluating change in perception of a given aroma, perception of fragrance was assessed by 13 contrasting pairs of adjectives and scores were recorded after inhaling a fragrance before and after each type of work. The statistical significance of the change of score for 13 impression descriptors was then examined by Student's t-test for each type of work.(2)Sensory Test for Optically Active Linalools : In order to make clear whether odor perception depend on enantiometric structure or not, attempts were made for enantiomers of linalool, that is (R)-(-)-, (S)-(+)-and (RS)-(±)-forms, in terms of sensory tests. The sensory profiling study using sensory evaluation spectrums rev … More ealed that enantiomers could be regarded to be significantly different odors with dependence not only on species of enantiomer but also on tasks assigned to the subjects.(3)Repeatability Test of the Measurements : Repeatability of the measure was tested in terms of sensory evaluation spectrums. The obtained results suggest that the measure showed a good repeatability and could be useful in assessing changes in the perception of essential oil fragrances.II.Fundamental Aspects of Odor Responses : The effects on humans inhaling the fragrance of essential oils were examined in terms of a multi-channel skin thermometer study and a portable forehead surface electroencephalographic (IBVA-EEG) measurement. The essential oils examined were those of basil and peppermint vs. mental work, linalool and peppermint each vs. mental work and hearing environmental sounds, because our previous sensory test had indicated an opposite sensory spectrum under these circumstances. These imply that the inhalation of linalool or peppermint cause a different odor reaction, depending on the type of work assigned to the subjects (i.e.,mental work or hearing environmental sounds).IlI.Conclusion : Our findings thus indicated some important aspects of the salience of odors, as neurophysiological stimuli, which cause a different perception and lead a diverse odor reaction with dependence on internal and extraneous conditions of the subject. Less