DEVELOPMENT OF CARDIAC SURGERY SIMULATION SYSTEM FOR PALPATION TRAINING AND SURGICAL TECHNIQUE TRAINING

本研究的目的是开发一套心血管外科手术模拟系统，以供医学教育和培训之用。除了逼真的3D图像外，还需要对操作员的动作进行触觉反馈，以便学习安全和准确的操纵。为了表达真实的反应，本研究引入了基于物理的模型。软组织采用有限元方法，并进行预处理（Bro-Nielsen的凝聚），以进行实时反馈和变形。本研究开发了以下系统并进行了评价：跳动心脏的触觉再现和交互式可视化软组织切口手术视野下的手术入路决策支持系统跳动心脏触觉训练系统心血管外科医生对跳动心脏模型的形态和触觉评价心血管系统触觉训练的教育效果评价外科医生的评价相对较好，结果用于改进模型。并对医学生进行了教育评价。与尸体训练相比，该系统的学习效果更好，目前正在研究将单个系统集成为一个完整的手术模拟器。

The goal of this research was development of cardiovascular surgery simulation system for medical education and training. In addition to realistic 3D image, a tactile feedback against operator's action is required In order to learn a safe and exact maneuver. To express a realistic reaction, physics-based models ware introduced in this study. A finite element method was employed for soft tissues, and a preprocessing (Bro-Nielsen's condensation) was performed for realtime feedback and deformation. The following systems were developed and evaluations have done.Haptic reproduction and interactive visualization of a beating heartDecision Support System of Surgical Approaches by surgical view through soft tissue cutsTactile training system of beating aortaEvaluation of morphology and tactile feeling of beating heart model by cardiovascular surgeonsEvaluation of educational effectiveness for tactile training of cardiovascular systemEvaluation by surgeons was relatively excellent and the results were used for improvement of the model. Also the educational evaluation was done with medical students. Comparing with training by cadaver, the learning results with this system were better.Now the research is ongoing to integrate individual system into a total surgical simulator.