DEVELOPMENT OF MEDICINAL DRUGS FROM SOUTHERN HEMISPHERIC TASTY BRYOPHYTES AND FERNS AND THEIR CHEMOSYSTEMATICS

在南半球，有大量特有的苔藓植物（苔类、藓类和角苔类）和蕨类植物（蕨类），其中许多具有辛辣、苦味或甜味。由于这些美味的植物的粗提物具有很强的抗菌、抗真菌、杀虫、抗肿瘤和放松肌肉的活性，我们收集了新西兰、阿根廷、马来西亚和马来西亚的苔藓植物和蕨类植物，用乙醚提取。1.新西兰苔类植物：从jungermania种中发现12种新的和4种已知的对karen型二萜类化合物，其中ent-11α-羟基-16- karen -15-one和jugermannenone D对HL-60具有较强的细胞毒性和凋亡作用。Lepidozia spinosissima含有一种新的柳橙属倍半萜，该化合物从一些海洋柳橙属植物中分离得到。Balantiopsis rosea产生了非常有趣的1-环己基1-2-苯基乙烷衍生物，这些衍生物被认为是典型双联苯的生物合成前体，而双联苯是苔类植物特有的次生代谢产物。2.阿根廷苔类植物和蕨类植物：巴西frulania brasiliensis含有引起强烈过敏的eremophilanolides。swartziana详细阐述了非洲型及其相关倍半萜类，与日本种相似。蕨类植物Thelypteris hispidula具有强烈的刺激性，导致多角性，这种多角性也存在于苔类植物Porella vernicosa复体以及新西兰蕨类植物Brechnum中。这样的化学同一性对于理解某些蕨类植物可能起源于某些属的苔类是非常重要的。3.马草属：Bazzania、Plagiochila和Marchantia几种植物中含有大量倍半萜类和双联苯类化合物，但尚未分离到新的化合物。4.马来西亚地菜：两种地菜中含有大量的地菜素a，显示出抑制NO生成的活性。Riccardin C是一种存在于新西兰和日本等地的大环双苄基化合物，具有肝脏X受体(LXR)α激动剂和LXRβ拮抗剂的作用，是目前公认的重要的潜在抗舞蹈病药物之一。本研究结果在国际、国内学术会议上分别发表1次和35次，发表论文40篇（已出版7篇），发表综述4篇，出版专著1部。本研究项目代表在该研究项目中获得了ISEO （International symposium on精油）35^< >国际奖和Tucman University奖（阿根廷）。少

In the southern hemisphere, there are a great number of endemic bryophyte (liverworts, mosses and hornworts) and pteridophyte (ferns) species many of which contain pungent, bitter or sweet taste. Since the crude extracts of these tasty species showed potent antimicrobial and antifungal, insect and killing, antitumor, and muscle relaxing activity, we collected the New Zealand, Argentinean, Malgasy and Malaysian bryophytes and ferns and extracted with ether. 1.New Zealand liverworts : From Jungermannia species 12 new and 4 known ent-kaurane-type diterpenoids of which ent-11α-hydroxy-16-kauren-15-one and jugermannenone D showed strong cytotoxicity and apoptosis against HL-60. Lepidozia spinosissima contained a new gorgonae-type sesquiterpene the similar compound to which was isolated from some marine gorgonanian species. Balantiopsis rosea produced quite interesting 1-cyclohexy1-2-phenyl ethane derivatives which were suggested to be the biosynthetic precursors of the typical bibenzyls and … More bisbibinzyls which were peculiar secondary metabolites of liverworts. 2.Argentinean liverworts and fern : Frullania brasiliensis contained eremophilanolides which caused potent allergy. Porella swartziana elaborated africane-type and its related sesquiterpenoids which resembled those of Japanese species. The strong pungency of the fern, Thelypteris hispidula was responsible for polygodial which was also found in the liverwort Porella vernicosa complex as well as the New Zeland fern, Brechnum species. Such a chemical identity is very important to understand that some ferns might originate from the some genera of liverworts. 3.Malgasy liverworts : Several Bazzania, Plagiochila and Marchantia species produced many sesquiterpenes and bisbibenzyls, however, the new compounds were not isolated. 4.Malaysian liverworts : Two Marchantia species contained a large amount of marchanin A which showed NO production inhibitory activity. Riccardin C, which is a macrocyclic bisbibenzyl found in some New Zealand and Japanese liverwort, such as Reboulia hemisphaerica functioned as a liver X captor (LXR)α agonist and an LXRβ antagonist, thus this compound is now recognized as one of the most important potential antichorestemic drug. The present results were reported in the international and domestic symposia for1 and 35 times, respectively and 40 papers (7 are in press), four reviews and one book were published. The representative of this research project obtained the 35^<th> International Award of ISEO (International symposium on Essential Oils) and Tucman University award (Argentina) during this research project. Less