Reading disorders in Japanese : A computational account from simulation study

三角模型是一种词汇处理的计算模型，它使用并行分布式处理网络的架构来计算单词的正字法、音韵学和语义。计算的形式是类似神经元的处理单元之间的相互作用。在本研究中，一个日语三角模型直接从汉字和假名字符串的正字法中计算音系，并从一个代表假定单词语义的组件中额外输入音系。这个模型成功地模拟了日语熟练阅读者的某些表现。此外，不同类型的模型损伤再现了获得性阅读障碍的表面和语音形式的数据。语义成分受损后，该模型对假名词、假名非词和字音对应一致的汉字的阅读性能保持良好，但对非典型对应的汉字的阅读性能明显受损：这模拟了表面阅读障碍。在模型的语音部分受损后，该网络对汉字和假名单词的表现仍然良好，但对假名非单词的表现受损：这模拟了语音阅读障碍。这些结果基本上与以前为英语开发的模型相当，因此表明三角形模型的相同计算原理可以应用于字母和非字母书写系统。

The triangle model is a computational model for lexical processing which computes word orthography, phonology and semantics using the architecture of a parallel distributed processing network. The computation takes the form of interactions among neuron-like processing units. In the present research, a Japanese triangle model computed phonology directly from orthography for both Kanji and Kana strings, with additional input to phonology from a component representing putative word semantics. This model successfully simulated certain effects seen in the performance of Japanese skilled readers. Moreover, different types of damage to the model reproduced data on both the surface and phonological forms of acquired dyslexia.After damage to the semantic component, the model's reading performance remained good for Kana words, Kana nonwords, and Kanji words with consistent character-sound correspondences, but was significantly impaired on Kanji words with atypical correspondences : this simulates surface dyslexia. After damage to the phonological component of the model, the network's performance remained good for both Kanji and Kana words but was impaired on Kana nonwords : this simulates phonological dyslexia.These results are basically comparable to those of previous models developed for English, and thus demonstrate that the same computational principles of the triangle model can be applied to alphabetic and non-alphabetic writing systems.