A study on group structure of the former half of the Kofun period viewed from tombs and human skeletal remainds

本研究试图厘清古坟时代的族群结构。首先，对日本考古学中的“群”概念进行了回顾。然后，明确了社会概念与社会形象之间存在着实际存在的差距，这种差距抑制了与社会人类学、古史学的兼容性。其次，以弥生时代和韩国古坟时代为例，明确了古坟时代前半期的群体结构：第一，以兄弟姐妹关系为基础，在每个墓中埋葬同代人。同时，也出现了墓葬群葬者具有血缘关系的情况。从这些事实来看，当选择群体的首领/妇女时，他们不是基于个人和家庭关系，而是可能从亲属群体的范围内选择。因此，在世纪后半期的古代宇治形成之前，其基本原则可以认为是一个具有“宗族”原则的亲属集团。

This study tried to make clear the group structure of the Kofun Period. First, the review of the concept of the "group" in the Japanese archeology was done. Then, it was cleared that there were the gap between the concept and the image of society, which actually existed, and that the gap had inhibited the compatibility with social anthropology and ancient history. Next, it was cleared that the group structure of the former half stage of Kofun Period was the following, using the cases of Yayoi period and the Korean Kofun Period which I analyzed.First, the persons of the same generation were buried in each tomb based on brother/sister relationship. Then, there ware some cases that persons who buried a tomb cluster had consanguinity. From these facts, when the headman/woman of the group was chosen, they were not based on an individual and a family relationship, but it might be chosen from the kin group's range. Therefore, the basic principle of the group can be thought a kin group to have a "clan" principle before the formation of the ancient Uji in the latter half of the 5th century.