Development of advanced catalysts from the intermetallic compounds between two transition metals

先进的催化剂已经开发出两种过渡金属之间制备的金属间化合物。过渡金属Pt、Pd、Ni和Co通过熔化这些混合物与Ti、Zr、V、Cr结合形成金属间化合物。将获得的锭在空气中粉碎并筛分成小颗粒（d <25 μ m）。XRD显示目标金属间化合物的形成。本文研究了钴基、镍基化合物催化剂上甲烷CO_2重整反应。结果表明，Co和Hf之间的化合物对CO和H的生成具有高活性和高稳定性。在FT合成反应中，鲁蒂金属间化合物对高级烃的生成具有选择性催化作用。<2->二氯二茂钛在Ru/SiO_2上的化学气相沉积（CVD）得到了分散在SiO_2表面的鲁蒂钛微粒，这些微粒对FT合成也具有选择性。TiPt_3对乙烯加氢和H_2-D_2平衡反应的活性高于Pt。采用高温还原法、二氯二茂钛CVD法和浸渍法制备了TiPt_3纳米粉体。连续浸渍得到Pt的细颗粒完全被活性TiPt_3层覆盖。它们对乙烯加氢和H_（2 ^-&gt; D_2）平衡反应的活性均高于Pt/SiO_2，对丁二烯加氢生成丁烯的选择性高。结果表明，连续浸渍法制备的催化剂对细颗粒TiPt_3具有相同的活性和选择性。

Advanced catalysts have been developed with intermetallic compounds prepared between two transition metals. Transition metals of Pt, Pd, Ni and Co were combined with Ti, Zr, V, Cr, etc.to form intermetallic compounds by melting these mixtures. Obtained ingots were crushed in air and sieved into small particles (d<25 μm). XRD revealed the formation of the aimed intermetallic compound. CO_2 reforming of methane was carried out on Co-or Ni-based compounds. It was found that the compounds between Co and Hf were highly active and stable for the formation of CO and H_<2-> In the case of FT synthesis, RuTi intermetallic compound was revealed to be the selective catalyst for the formation of higher hydrocarbons. CVD of titanocene dichloride onto Ru/SiO_2 gave fine particles of RuTi dispersed on the surface of SiO_2 and these particles were also selective for FT synthesis. TiPt_3 was found to be more active than Pt for ethylene hydrogenation and H_<2^->D_2 equilibration. Three preparation methods, high-temperature reduction of Pt/TiO_2, CVD of titanocene dichloride onto Pt/SiO_2, and successive impregnation of Pt onto TiO_x/SiO_2, were applied to obtain fine particles of TiPt_3. The successive impregnation gave fine particles of Pt totally covered by layers of active TiPt_3. They were more active than Pt/SiO_2 for ethylene hydrogenation and H_<2^->D_2 equilibration and highly selective for the formation of butenes in butadiene hydrogenation. Therefore, it is found that the successive impregnation gives the catalyst with equal activity and selectivity to TiPt_3 fine particles.