Comparative Studies on the Culture of Product between Japan and Germany Focusing in shokunin utaawase(Poetry Contests of Various Occupations)

Shokunin utaawase是一种涉及各种职业的诗歌比赛形式，由日本中世纪的上层贵族成员从不同的角度描绘不同的工匠、商业活动和居民的娱乐活动。这些以古典美学宫廷传统为基础的诗歌竞赛，符合严格的规则，也反映了当代社会的结构性变化。在同一时期，在德国，被称为Meistergesang或Meisterang的歌唱艺术在Singschulen被练习和教授，主要在比赛中表演。梅斯特桑既基于精神的影响，也基于世俗的影响。它的内容是轶事，类似于明尼桑或施瓦克，历史的，传奇的，甚至古典的(如奥维德)，它是由坚实的规则严格形式化的(表格)。这位梅斯特歌手继承了明尼苏格和斯普鲁迪克特的传统，是公民，在很大程度上是受人尊敬的工匠大师。在这个项目中，…更多的文化传统是从以下比较方面追溯的：(A)每首诗的形式和内容，作为规范文化模式的继承，从上一个时期继承下来(B)各个社会工匠阶层和资产阶级形成的历史和社会形成。这些追溯的结果表明，古典文化传统和文学表现方法是通过这些建立在古籍复制和印刷基础上的实践尝试而获得的。它们作为传统观念和精神传承到下一个时期的工具，尽管这种传承的性质和内容取决于其所处时代的中世纪社会的形成。当日本的宫廷社会在彻底的结构变化中消解时，贵族们采用了一种新的表达方式或对当代社会的诗意描绘，其中各种生产和贸易、或专业活动和日常生活的现实获得了中心意义。这些成就在下一个时期继承到了新的社会阶层，并在各种媒体上得到了实践和发展。较少

Shokunin utaawase is a form of a poetry contest dealing with various occupations, which was performed by members of upper nobility in Japanese medieval age depicting diverse craftsmen, commercial activities and entertainments of inhabitants from different perspectives. These poetry contests based on classical esthetic court tradition conformed to strict rules, and also reflected the structural changing of the contemporary society. In the same period in Germany the art of singing called Meistergesang or Meistersang was practiced and taught in Singschulen and performed mainly in contests. Meistersang based both on spiritual and secular influences. Its contents were anecdotal analogous to the Minnesang or Schwank, historical, legendary, or even classical (e.g. Ovid) and it was strictly formalized by solid rules (Tabulaturen). The Meistersinger, who carried on the tradition of Minnesanger and Spruchdichter, were citizens and for the most part respected master craftsmen. In this project the … More se cultural traditions were traced from the following comparative aspects;(A) form and contents of each poetry, which were inherited from the last period as the succession of the normative cultural model(B) historical and social formation of craftsmen's rank and formation of bourgeoisie in each societyResults of these tracings show that the classical cultural tradition and methods of literary expression were received through these practical attempts, which founded on classical books by copying and printing. They served as an instrument of succession of traditional sense and mentality to each next period, although the character and the contents of this succession depended on the formation of medieval society of its own time. While court society in Japan was dissolving in total structural changes, aristocrats adopted a new style of expression or a poetical depiction of the contemporary society, in which various production and trading, or professional activities and reality of everyday life obtained a central meaning. These achievements were succeeded to the new social class in the next period and developed by being practiced in various media. Less