Transformations of health care systems under the multi-dimensional situations of human value

本研究以人类学视域为研究对象，探讨在政治、经济全球化引发的人文价值多维情境下，现代卫生保健制度的动态变化。这项研究的主要目的是描述人们通过“多元医学化”将外生的医疗系统与土著卫生保健系统--民族医学相适应的动态和创造性的文化过程。我们考察了福柯的现代国家的“政府心态”概念，他将广义上的“卫生保健”控制着主体的个人身体，并将其称为“解剖政治”，通过统计或公共卫生政策控制人口的集体身体，然后将其称为“生物政治”。我们的结论是，福柯的模型不仅适用于西欧社会，也适用于其他非西方发展中国家。我们使用了大量关于现代医学社会文化转型的历史和民族志文献。在经济全球化的强大压力下，半个世纪以来，个体身体和人类生活都发生了翻天覆地的变化。尤其是后殖民的发展中国家，引进了西方的现代制度，遭到了民众的强烈抵制。然后，在现代医疗体系和本土医疗体系的动态互动中，出现了许多异型的西方医疗体系。卫生保健制度可以作为对人类价值现状的社会文化和历史分析的适用范例之一。

This study focused into the anthropological image on dynamic changes of modern health care systems under the multi-dimensional situations of human value evoked political and economical globalization. The chief aim of this study is to describe the dynamic and creative cultural process in which people appropriate the exogenous medical system to indigenous health care system, ethnomedicine, through "pluralistic medicalization."We examined the Michael Foucault's concept of "govermentality" of the modern state which controls both individual body of subject by "health care" in a broad sense, he termed "anatomo-politique," and collective body of human population through statistics or public health policy, then he termed "bio-politique." We concluded that the Foucault's model could be applied in not only western Europe society but also other non-western developing countries.We used many historical and ethnographical documents on socio-cultural transformation of modern medicine. Under the strong pressure of economic globalization the individual body and the human's life have been drastically changed during the half-century. Especially the postcolonial developing countries introduced the modern western systems and received strong popular resistances. Then many allotypic forms of western medical system have emerged from the dynamic interaction between modern and indigenous medical systems. Health care system can be one of applicable examples for the socio-cultural cum historical analysis of the actuality of human value.