Reproduction and Recruitment Success of the Japanese Common Squid, Todarodes pacificus, related to Annual and Seasonal Changes of Winter Wind Stress and Mixed Layer Depth.

乌贼的招募成功很大程度上取决于产卵地和育儿地的环境条件。日本普通鱿鱼、太平洋Todarodes pacificus的秋季和冬季产卵种群的生物量最大，冬季种群的年捕获量波动较大。pacificus产胶状，几乎中性浮力的卵团，其中含有许多小卵。卵团被认为是在适合卵发育的温度下（例如，太平洋T.pacificus的温度为15-23℃）或在捕食减少的条件下发生的。在对马海流70 ~ 120 m深度（温度范围：18 ~ 21℃）的背斜区，利用ROV观测到一种类似于太平洋纹蝶卵团的东西。我们还从实验室研究中估计，幼龟在18-23℃的温度下上升到地面。我们利用这一新的繁殖假说来估计太平洋虎的冬季产卵区域。先前的一项研究结果表明，在风力减弱和气温升高的时期，太平洋平纹蝽的年捕获量会增加，这表明冬季风力的强度可能会影响它们的捕集。90年代以后暖期冬产卵群的产卵区估计在九州岛和西南群岛的大陆边缘一带。黑潮内流将表层幼虫从产卵区沿大陆边缘向东北方向输送到苗区。然而，在20世纪80年代的凉爽时期，沿大陆边缘的产卵区减少了。我们可以提出一个情景，太平洋t .pacific ificus的种群大小如何因海洋表面温度等环境因素而波动，并建议如何预测与气候变化和全球变暖相关的种群波动。

Recruitment success in squids depends largely on environmental conditions at the spawning and nursery grounds. The autumn and winter spawning groups of Japanese common squid, Todarodes pacificus have the largest biomass and the annual catch of winter groups have fluctuated widely. T.pacificus produces gelatinous, nearly neutrally buoyant egg masses that contain many small eggs. The egg masses are thought to occur within or above the pycnocline at temperatures suitable for egg development (e.g., 15-23℃ in T.pacificus) and under conditions of reduced predation. After hatching, the paralarvae presumably ascend to the surface layer and are advected into convergent frontal zones We observed something resembling a T.pacificus egg mass within the pycnocline at 70-120 m depth (temperature range : 18-21℃) in the Tsushima Current using an ROV. We also estimated from laboratory studies that hatchlings ascend to the surface at temperatures of 18-23℃. We used this new reproductive hypothesis to estimate winter spawning areas of T.pacificus. Results of a previous study suggested that annual catches of T.pacificus increased during periods of weak winds and warm air temperature, suggesting that the strength of winter winds may affect recruitment. The spawning areas of winter spawning group during warm regime after 1990's were estimated to be along the continental edge off the Kyushu Island and the Nansei Islands. Inner flow of Kuroshio will transport paralarvae in surface layer from the spawning areas to the nursery areas of northeastward along the continental edge. However, the spawning areas during cool regime during 1980's were reduced along the continental edge. We can present a scenario for how stock size in T.pacificus might fluctuate due to environmental factors such as sea surface temperatures and suggest how to forecast the stock fluctuation related to climatic regime shifts and global warming.