Tea, coffee, dietary habits, physical activity and risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes: a population-based cohort study in Japan

我们通过一项基于人群的队列研究评估了生活方式因素与心血管疾病和糖尿病风险之间的关系。生活方式因素包括喝茶和喝咖啡、饮食习惯和体力活动。从1998年开始，我们观察了8,648名受试者的74例脑梗塞、39例脑出血、16例蛛网膜下腔出血和26例急性冠状动脉综合征事件。在同一随访期内，101名受试者也被诊断患有糖尿病。在整个队列中，7752名年龄在40-89岁的受试者被分配到统计分析中，有目标疾病病史的受试者也被排除在分析之外。根据生活方式因素，总心血管事件、脑梗塞、脑出血、急性冠脉综合征和糖尿病的相对风险被估计为校正了性别、年龄、中风个人病史、缺血性心脏病、其他心脏病、糖尿病、高血压、高脂血症和目标疾病父母病史的COX比例风险模型的风险比。结果，绿茶消费与两种类型中风的风险负相关；非常频繁的烘茶消费，急性冠脉综合征的风险增加；非绿色和黄色蔬菜的消费，与总的心血管事件和脑梗塞的风险负相关；水果的摄入与患中风和糖尿病的风险呈负相关；鱼和肉类摄入不平衡，脑梗塞和糖尿病的风险增加；脂肪和油的摄入不频繁，脑出血和急性冠脉综合症的风险增加。没有发现体力活动水平与相关疾病风险之间的显著关联。

We assessed the relationships between lifestyle factors and risks of cardiovascular disease and diabetes through a population-based cohort study. Lifestyle factors included tea and coffee consumptions, dietary habits, and physical activity. We observed 74 cerebral infarction, 39 cerebral hemorrhage, 16 subarachnoidal hemorrhage and 26 acute coronary syndrome events from 8,648 subjects during a 5-year follow up from 1998. During the same follow-up period, 101 subjects had also been diagnosed to have diabetes.From the entire cohort, 7752 subjects aged 40-89 were assigned to the statistical analyses, and subjects with a history of the target disease were also excluded from the analysis. Relative risks for total cardiovascular events, cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, acute coronary syndrome, and diabetes by life style factors were estimated as hazard ratios from Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for sex, age, personal histories of stroke, ischemic heart disease, other heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and a parental history of the target disease.As the results, green tea consumption was negatively associated with the risks of both types of stroke ; very frequent roasted tea consumption, with the elevated risk of acute coronary syndrome ; consumption of non-green-and-yellow vegetables, negatively with risks of total cardiovascular events and cerebral infarction; fruits consumption, negatively with risks of both types of stroke and diabetes ; imbalanced intake of fish and meet, with elevated risks of cerebral infarction and diabetes ; infrequent intake of fat and oil, with elevated risks of cerebral hemorrhage and acute coronary syndrome. No significant association was found between physical activity levels and risks of concerned diseases.