Biogeography and evolution of the female cabbage butterfly, Pieris rapae, in the Eurasian continent

菜粉蝶英国亚种和日本亚种雌蜂的翅膀对紫外线的反射存在亚种间差异。为了确定具有紫外线反射翅膀的雌性在欧亚大陆的哪里进化，英国伦敦自然历史博物馆和德国波恩的动物园博物馆亚历山大·科尼格拥有的雌性标本通过紫外线透明滤光片拍摄进行了调查。结果显示，从欧亚大陆及其周围不同地点收集的雌性蝙蝠在翅膀的紫外线反射方面存在差异。据观察，具有紫外线反射翅膀的雌性昆虫起源于欧洲大陆东部沿海地区，包括俄罗斯东部、韩国和东中国，而具有紫外线吸收翅膀的雌性昆虫广泛分布于欧亚大陆，包括东部沿海地区，其中包括具有紫外线反射翅膀的雌性昆虫。这一结果得到了在长日光周期下饲养幼虫的调查结果的支持，该光周期导致了反射紫外线的雌性。

There is an inter-subspecies difference in the ultraviolet (UV) reflection by wings between females of the British and Japanese subspecies of the cabbage butterfly Pieris rapae. To determine where in the Eurasian continent the female with UV-reflecting wings evolved, the female specimens owned by the Natural History Museum in London, UK, and the Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig in Bonn, Germany, were surveyed by photographing them through a UV-transparent filter. The results revealed differences in the UV reflection of wings among the females collected from different locations in and around the Eurasian continent. The females with UV-reflecting wings were observed to originate from rather narrow ranges in the eastern coastal areas of the continent, including East Russia, Korea and East China, while those with UV-absorbing wings were shown to be distributed widely across the Eurasian continent, including the eastern coastal areas inhabited by the females with UV-reflecting wings. This was supported by the results of the investigation in which larvae were reared under the long day photoperiod which cause the UV-reflecting females.