Green Chemistry Education at Secondary Schools

（1）绿色化学反应的基础研究从以下几个方面对中学教材中的各种化学反应进行了重新研究，以评估将这些反应作为绿色化学教育教材的可能性：a）金属氧化物与碳的反应、有机合成和使用微波加热的固体热分解，B）使用超声振荡增强固-液反应，和（c）对固体热分解的机械化学效应。（2）绿色化学实验教材的开发在上述基础研究的基础上，开发了以下学生实验室化学实验教材：a）使用微波加热在化学洗手液中碳还原氧化铁，B）从化学废水合成氧化锰（IV）并用作催化剂，c）使用超声波振荡合成孔雀石并应用于几个化学实验，d）使用微波加热合成阿司匹林，e）使用环保还原剂和超声波振荡的靛蓝染色，e）苯磺化的微型实验。（3）中学绿色化学教育将上述化学实验应用于学生实验室，探讨了化学实验对绿色化学教学的作用。（4）化学课程与教师教育通过对中学化学课程和教师教育现状的回顾，探讨了中学化学课程实施绿色化的意义。

(1)Fundamental Research for Green Chemistry ReactionsVarious chemical reactions treated as teaching materials at secondary schools were reinvestigated from the following view points in order to evaluate the possibility for applying these reactions as the teaching materials of green chemistry education : a)Reaction of metal oxides by carbon, organic synthesis, and thermal decomposition of solids using microwave heating, b)Enhancement of solid-liquid reaction using ultrasonic oscillation, and (c)Mechanochemical effect on the thermal decomposition of solids.(2)Development of Teaching Materials for Green Chemistry EducationOn the basis of the above fundamental research, the following teaching materials of chemical experiments at students' laboratory were developed : a)Carbon reduction of iron oxides in chemical hand wormer using microwave heating, b)Synthesis of manganese (IV)oxide from chemical waste water and utilization as catalyst, c)synthesis of malachite using ultrasonic oscillation and application to several chemical experiments, d)synthesis of Aspirin using microwave heating, e)indigo dying using eco-friendly reducing agent and ultrasonic oscillation, e)micro-scale experiment for sulfonation of Benzene.(3)Green chemistry education at secondary schoolApplying the above chemical experiments to students' laboratories, the usefulness of the chemical experiments for teaching the significance of green chemistry was investigated.(4)Chemistry curriculum and teacher educationSignificance of green chemistry intended curriculum at secondary schools was investigated by reviewing present status of chemistry curriculum, together with that for teacher education.