Study on Multiple, Selective and Entangled Modernities

近些年来，越来越多的人支持这样一种观点，即现代性和现代化必须以多元的方式思考，换句话说，已经发生和正在发生的事情必须被承认为多重现代性。多重现代性的概念被现代性和现代化理论家所认同，他们与马克斯·韦伯的宗教社会学进行历史联系，并与于尔根·哈贝马斯的现代化方案进行批判性对话。另一方面，我们面临着一些后殖民主义者的挑衅性做法，他们正在宣扬纠缠的现代性概念。重点在于假定殖民现代性与西方大都市现代性之间的潜在直接联系。除了对现代性的这两种解释外，那些源于伊莱亚斯理论传统的社会学家们也进行了一次卓有成效的尝试，将上述两种方法与文明的比较研究联系起来。从这个角度来看，现代性不仅表现在非欧洲地区，而且在欧洲本身也表现出惊人的多样性和多样性。与之相伴的是，文明观揭示了现代性本身就是一种文明。与许多其他文明一样，这种现代文明带来了如此多的矛盾和紧张。现代性本身的各种矛盾和紧张是非西方文明与不断扩张的西方现代性相遇的一个重要因素，这一因素体现在另一种文明经历的如此多的选择和现代性的如此多的制度实现上。在我们可以通过这个研究计划举办的一系列研讨会中，我们可以通过使用对不同国家和地区的许多具体研究来例证这一新范式。

In recent years there is an increasing support for the thesis that the modernity and modernization must be thought in plurals, in other words, that what happened and is happening really must be recognized as multiple modernities. The conception of multiple modernities are shared especially by those theoreticians of modernity and modernization who are working in historical connection with the religious sociology of Max Weber and who are leading a critical dialogue with the modernization scheme of Jurgen Habermas. On the other way we are confronted with the provocative approach of some post-colonialists who are proclaiming the conception of entangled modernities. The emphasis lies on the assumed underlying direct connection between the colonial modernity and modernity of western metropolis. In addition to those two interpretations of modernity there is also a productive attempt of those sociologists stemming from the theoretical tradition of Elias to connect two approaches above mentioned with a comparative studies of civilization. From this point of view modernity shows not only in non-European regions, but also in Europe itself the striking variety and multiplicity. Along with it the civilization related view reveals modernity itself as a civilization on its own. This modern civilization entails so many contradictions and tensions as so many other civilizations. And this variety of contradictions and tensions in the modernity itself is an important factor in the encounter of non-western civilization with a expanding western modernity, a factor which has its expression in so many options which another civilizations underwent and so many institutional realization of modernity. In a series of workshops we could have with this research program we could exemplify this new paradigm by using many concrete studies on various countries and regions.