The Comparative Study of the Economic Thought from late Nineteenth Century to Inter-war Period: Reformation of Economic Society and Designing of Economic Policy

在十九世纪，西方国家的经济治理主要是通过使用进步和自由的短语来推动的。英国的个人主义社会观、法国的实证主义思想和工程经济学家思潮就是典型的例子。然而，由于高度城市化趋势下的社区转型、产业利益与金融利益的冲突、社会阶层之间的紧张关系等新问题，这一框架面临着修改，在围绕着美好未来的社会形势变化下，社会组织观开始流行起来。T·H·格林的有机论、涂尔干的自由主义有机观和赫伯特·斯宾塞的进化观被用来解释各种社会问题。例如，法国的埃米尔·切森从有机的角度解释了城市生活的状况。伴随着社会网络方案的产生，新的问题逐渐变得重要起来，尤其是在第一次世界大战后：即在经济维度上协调国际关系。本研究项目首先对法国、英国、德国和美国四国背景下的经济社会进化思想进行了比较。其次，该计划紧跟国际局势历史维度的变化，特别是对大英帝国的图谋、奥地利自由主义的转型和国际货币体系的关注。该项目通过安排讲习班和研讨会促进了这些研究，迈克尔·弗里登(英国牛津)、马丁·道顿(英国剑桥)、路易吉诺·布鲁尼(意大利米兰-比科卡)、汉斯约格·克劳辛格(奥地利维也纳经济和工商管理大学)、大卫·温斯坦(美国维克森林)和马尔科姆·卢瑟福(加拿大维多利亚)等教授参加了讲习班和研讨会。

During the nineteenth century, the economic governance in Western Nations were mostly promoted by utilizing the phrases of progress and liberty. The individualistic social view in UK and the positivist idea and the stream of engineer-economists in France were the typical cases. However, this framework was confronted with the modification because of the new issues such as the transit of the community under the high trend of urbanization, the batting of the interest between industrial interest and the financial one, and the tensions among the social ranks.Under the change of the social situation around the fine-de-siecle, the organic view of the society got the popularity. The organicism of T.H. Green, the liberal organic view of Emile Durkheim, and the evolutional view of Herbert Spencer were adapted to explain the various social issues. For example, Emile Cheysson in France explained the condition of town life in organic perspective. Alongside the tasks of producing the scheme of social network, new issue gradually got the importance especially after the first world war: namely reconciling the international relationships in economic dimension.This research project firstly made the comparison of the evolutionary ideas of economic society among the French, British, German and American context. Secondly, the project followed the change of the historical dimension of international situation since fine-de-siecle until the interwar period, especially focusing to the scheme of British Empire, the transition of Austrian liberalism and the international monetary system. This project promoted these researches by arranging the workshops and seminars, to which those Professors Michael Freeden (Oxford, UK), Martin Daunton (Cambridge, UK), Luigino Bruni (Milano-Biccoca, Italy), Hansjorg Klausinger (Vienna University of Economics and Business Administration, Austria), David Weinstein (Wake Forest, USA) and Malcolm Rutherford (Victoria, Canada) et al had joined.