Democratic Transformation in the Age of Nonpartisan Politics

本研究旨在从社会政治变迁的角度，厘清1955年后政权下地方民主的当代模式。我们注意到了体现新出现的政治分裂的各种类型知事的崛起，从而对德岛、高知、东京、长野和志贺五个县的知事选举进行了比较分析。2004-2007年进行了一系列关于省长选举的五项调查研究，结合对政治行为者的约200次访谈。此外，我们还在2005年对东京的社会环境和政治进行了调查研究。这些研究的结果如下：(1)在德岛的调查结果发表在一本书上，该书探讨了技术官僚和基层民主之间的逻辑和现实对抗。现有政治组织权力的削弱导致了政治和选民之间的直接联系，…这导致了岩手县、宫城县、鸟取县和德岛县的改革派知事(体现技术官僚)的崛起，以及德岛和志贺县的居民运动(体现草根民主)的兴起。(2)此外，民粹主义也被用作管理东京、长野、宫崎县和大阪等县无组织选民的有效方式。各种类型的知事的出现可以被认为是党派和无党派人士之间对对立偏好的政治重新调整的结果。(3)我们2005年在东京进行的调查研究表明，德国对社会环境的研究可以揭示日本政治中一些被忽视的方面。绿色和激进右翼政党的崛起一直是欧洲政治中的一个热点问题，但在日本的背景下，这些问题几乎没有被讨论过。我们对日本社会环境和政治的分析表明，存在支持激进右翼政治势力的社会环境基础，而左翼自由主义环境作为绿党潜在支持基础的被动性阻碍了左翼自由主义政党在日本的出现。较少

The purpose of this research is to clarify the contemporary mode of local democracy under the post-1955 regime from the point of view of social and political change. We have paid attention to the rise of various types of governors, which embody newly emerging political cleavages, resulting in a comparative analysis of gubernatorial election in five prefectures (Tokushima, Kochi, Tokyo, Nagano and Shiga). A series of five survey researches on gubernatorial elections was conducted in the year 2004-2007, combining about two hundred interviews with political actors. In addition, we also conducted a survey research on social milieus and politics in Tokyo in 2005. The results of these researches are the following.(1) The results of investigation in Tokushima were published on a book which explored the logical and actual confrontation between technocracy and grassroots democracy. The weakening power of existing political organizations has led to direct linkages between polity and electorates, … More which resulted in the rise of reformist governors(embodying technocracy)in prefectures such as Iwate, Miyagi, Tottori and Tokushima and resident's movements(embodying grassroots democracy)in Tokushima and Shiga.(2) In addition, populism is also used as an efficient way of governing disorganized electorates in such prefectures as Tokyo, Nagano, Miyazaki and Osaka. Emergence of various types of governors can be regarded as a result of political realignment toward oppositional preference between partisans and nonpartisans.(3) Our survey research conducted in Tokyo in 2005 showed German studies on social milieus can shed light on some neglected aspects of Japanese politics. The rise of green and radical right parties has been a hot issue on European politics, but they were hardly discussed in the Japanese context. Our analysis on social milieus and politics in Japan suggests that there are social milieu basis to support radical right political force, while passiveness of left-libertarian milieu as a potential support basis for green parties hindered the emergence of left-libertarian parties in Japan. Less