Functional Design and Structural Control of Meso-and Macro-porous Ceramics

本研究尝试了介孔膜和大孔膜的设计、制备及其在各种电化学器件中的应用.利用表面活性剂（如氯化十六烷基吡啶）或三嵌段共聚物的自组装，再经磷酸水溶液处理，制备了几种具有严格控制晶粒尺寸和孔分布的热稳定介孔（m-）SnO_2粉体。与普通c-SnO_2传感器相比，m-SnO_2传感器和常规（c-）SnO_2传感器具有更高的H_2响应。以异丙醇铝为原料，以山嵛酸为模板剂，在正丙醇溶剂中制备了具有一定比表面积的m-Al_2 O_3粉体。m-Al_2 O_3粉体是一种很有前途的气敏材料，可用于VOC的吸收/燃烧型传感器。另一方面，我们证实了大孔（mp-）SnO_2传感器，这是织物， ...更多信息 采用改进的溶胶-凝胶技术，采用聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）微球，显示出高的响应H_2和NOx。此外，我们还研究了基于石英晶体微天平和mp-BaCO_3的谐振式传感器对NO_2的高灵敏度。各种mp陶瓷膜（例如，CeO_2，BaTiO_3，CaCu_3Ti_4O_<12>，La_Sr_xCoO_3<1-x>）的制备。磁控溅射，采用PMMA微球膜模板.采用射频等离子体沉积法制备了金属铂膜。磁控溅射或采用PMMA微球膜模板的电解沉积。它们的多孔膜的氧还原活性大于传统的致密Pt膜。此外，与传统的铂黑电极相比，采用电解沉积法制备的mp-Pt电极的电流型葡萄糖传感器对葡萄糖具有更高的灵敏度.以PMMA微球为模板，采用纳米TiO_2微粉（P25）制备了用于染料敏化太阳能电池的mp-TiO_2电极。在传统的TiO_2电极上叠层mp-TiO_2膜可以有效地提高太阳能电池的转换效率，这可能是由于电极中的大孔有助于提高电解质的扩散性。少

Design and processing of meso- and macro-porous films and their applications to various electrochemical devices were attempted as below in this research project.1. Some kinds of thermally stable mesoporous (m-) SnO_2 powders with strictly controlled crystallize size and pore distribution were prepared by utilizing self-assembly of general surfactants (e.g. cetylpyridinium chloride) or triblockcopolymers, followed by treatment with phosphoric acid aqueous solution. The m-SnO_2 sensors and conventional (c-) SnO_2 sensors modified with m-SnO_2 showed higher H_2 responses in comparison with general c-SnO_2 sensor. It is also revealed that m-Al_2O_3 powders with surface area were prepared from aluminum isopropoxide in 1-propanol solvent by utilizing behenic acid as a template. The m-Al_2O_3 powders were quite promising as a gas sensing material for absorption/combustion-type sensor for VOC detection. On the other hand, it was confirmed that macroporous (mp-) SnO_2 sensors, which were fabric … More ated by a modified sol-gel technique employing polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) microspheres, showed high response to H_2 and NOx. In addition, we also showed that a resonant sensor based on quartz crystal microbalance and mp-BaCO_3 was highly sensitive to NO_2.2. Various mp-ceramic films (e.g., CeO_2, BaTiO_3, CaCu_3Ti_4O_<12>, La_<1-x>Sr_xCoO_3) were fabricated even by utilizing typical dry process, such as pulsed laser deposition and r.f. magnetron sputtering, employing PMMA microsphere film templates.3. Mp-noble Pt films were prepared by r.f. magnetron sputtering or electrolytic deposition employing PMMA microsphere film templates. Oxygen reduction activities of their porous films obtained were larger than that of a conventional dense Pt film. In addition, an amperometric glucose sensor coupled with the mp-Pt electrode prepared by electrolytic deposition showed higher sensitivity to glucose, compared with a conventional sensor coupled with Pt black electrode.4. A mp-TiO_2 electrode for a dye-sensitized solar cell was fabricated with fine TiO_2 powder (P25) by using PMMA microspheres as a template. Stacking of the mp-TiO_2 layer on a conventional TiO_2 electrode was effective for improving the conversion efficiency of the solar cell, probably due to the improved diffusivity of electrolyte with a help of macropores in the electrode. Less