Searching for hotspots of biodiversity in rice fields and strategy for restoring rural environments -Which of rural environment factors is necessary for conservation and restoration in rice paddy ecosystems -

为保护和恢复农业生态系统，在日本中部和四国地区的指定农村地区，采用田间调查和精确GPS系统的GIS设计相结合的方法，进行了稻田生物多样性热点搜索。三年来的主要研究结果和讨论如下：1）和2）.总结。1）确定了稻田生物多样性的热点，并与之相关的潜在生境图的演示，由本研究计划的每个成员进行。以四国水生维管植物为例，从水文地理或气候趋势的环境因子出发，将每种维管植物的实际生境分为20类。在潜势图上，各物种的适宜生境可分为平原、丘陵和河谷三种生境类型。实际上，估计的栖息地是种植东印度莲的稻田或小型灌溉池塘， ...更多信息 这表明小生境是保护生物多样性的更重要的拓扑因素。这些结果可能表明，某些农业措施必须决定农村地区的生物多样性水平。通过对中国各地区农区农田RDB物种种群的调查，我们发现，无论是拓扑因素还是农业因素都能决定生物多样性的热点，RDB物种种群的农业依赖性也会影响生物多样性的热点。2）一个地区是否是生物多样性的热点，不仅与该地区的农业实践密切相关;农药使用或土地整理，但与地理和农业因素相关的综合因素。今后的研究方向应侧重于详细的生境因子与热点实际分布的相关性分析，以编制更精确的生物多样性热点潜在图，为稻田和农村环境生物多样性的保护与恢复提供参考。少

With both facilitated methods of fields survey and GIS design used by precise GPS system, searching hotspots of biological diversity in rice fields was conducted in nominated rural area in Chugoku and Shikoku districts of Japan、 for conservation and restoration of agro-ecosystems. Main results and discussions during three years researches follows as 1) and 2).summed up.1) Locating hotspots of biodiversity in rice fields and its associated demonstration of potential habitat maps were carried out by each members of this research program. As one of examples analyzed in aquatic vascular plant of Shikoku, actual habitats of each vascular species could be classified twenty groups from environmental factors of hydro-geographical or climatological tendency. Sorted adequate habitats of each species on potential maps are three topological habitat types of wetlands; plain, hill and valley. Estimated habitats, actually, was paddy fields cropping east Indian lotus or small size of irrigation ponds, … More that suggested small habitats is more important topological factors for preservation of biodiversity.. These results might suggested some kinds of agricultural practices must determinate level of biodiversity in rural area. Whether topological factors or agricultural can determined hotspot of biodiversity is influenced by agricultural dependency of each population of RDB species, through our examinations of RDB species populations in rural fields of Chugoku districts2) Whether a regional area is hotspot or not could be suggested to be closely related not only agricultural practice in a rural area; pesticides use or land consolidation, but integrated factors associated with biogeographical and agricultural factors. It is, in the future research direction, necessary to make a focus on analyses of correlation between detail habitat factors and actual distribution of hotspots, for development of more precise potential map of biodiversity hotspot, which is useful to practice conservation and restoration of biodiversity in rice fields and rural environment. Less