Comprehensive Strategy for Environmental Conservation of Tropical Wetland in the Pantanal, Brazil

在巴西南潘塔纳尔的Necolandia进行了植物生态学、水循环、畜牧业和生态旅游等方面的研究。在此期间的主要成果可以总结如下：以Necolandia Fazenda Baia Bonita为例，描述了传统湿地管理下半自然植被的结构和组成。在20个样方中记录到41种乔木和43种草本植物。植被格局与水位和微地形的季节变化有关。植被结构和组成随空间结构的发展程度而逐渐变化。通过野外调查和数值模拟分析了南潘塔纳尔湿地地表水和地下水的混合。结果表明，浅层地下水的化学成分受今古河道地质条件的控制。牛的放牧行为的详细数据对放牧能力的估计至关重要，这是可持续放牧的基础。我们通过使用手持式GPS和咬伤计数器项圈系统来研究奶牛的放牧行为。因此，我们通过土地分类澄清了奶牛的迁徙和牧草摄取量（下颌运动）。以南潘塔纳尔湿地为例，对湿地生态旅游进行了考察。因此，由于生态旅游的快速发展，导致了许多问题，如运动渔业的减少、管理基础的脆弱、野生动物的屠杀、森林砍伐、水污染、渔业资源的枯竭、外来物种的反转等。

We conducted several researches on plant ecology, hydrological cycle, stock farming and ecotourism in the Necolandia, South Pantanal of Brazil. The major results during the said period can be summarized as follows.1. The structure and the composition of semi-natural vegetation under the traditional wetland management were described at Fazenda Baia Bonita in Necolandia as the sample. We recorded 41 tree species and 43 herbaceous species in the 20 surveyed quadrats. Vegetation patterns are related to seasonal changes in water level and micro topography. The vegetation structure and composition gradually changed with the degree of development of spatial structure.2. The mixing of surface water and groundwater in the wetland of South Pantanal was analyzed by field survey and numerical modeling. As a result, it was clarified that the chemical components of shallow groundwater are controlled by the geological conditions at the present and palaeo river channel.3. Detailed data on the grazing behavior of cattle is vital for the estimation of grazing capacity, which is the basis for the sustainable grazing. We examined the grazing behavior of cows by using handheld GPS and a bite counter collar system. As a result, we clarified the cow's migration and herbage intake (jaw movement) by land classification.4. We examined the ecotourism of the wetland from the case of the South Pantanal. As a result, many problems, e.g., declining sports fishing, fragile management bases, slaughter of wild animals, deforestation, water pollution, exhaustion of fishery resource, inversion of exotic species are caused by rapid introduction of ecotourism.