Effects of host plant dioecy on leafminers and their parasitoids

研究了茶科植物日本（Eurya japonica）的营养生长方式、叶片营养物质和次生物质含量的性别差异对潜叶蛾（Coptotonche japoniella，Tischeriidae，Lessoptera）及其寄生蜂生态的影响。然而，C.雌雄株间的japoniella存在年变化，未能达到预期目的。相反，我们揭示了以下事情：1. C.日本卷蛾只在一年生以上的叶片上产卵，在当年生叶片上几乎不产卵。老叶含氮量较当年叶低，氮碳比较当年叶低，表儿茶素含量较高。当C.日本螟被迫在当年叶上产卵，孵化的幼虫很快被叶组织的转化细胞所包围。因此，雌虫不产卵于当年叶的适应意义可能是避开对地雷敏感的叶片，而不是营养品质差的叶片.叶与leafmining幼虫实验死亡开始puriise早，更迅速地比活幼虫的叶子。这表明C. japoniella幼虫抑制寄主植物提早采叶.寄生蜂组合与C. japoniella由12种组成。其中，一个是koinobiont，其他的是idiobiont。在这一组合中共存的机制似乎是一个相当高的过寄生率的独特的优势koinobiont和广泛的寄主范围的独特的。根据对大坂府立大学和北海道大学保存标本和野外采集标本的调查，发现了四种新记录。此外，在印度尼西亚爪哇岛采集到一种新的栎属植物，该种为壳斗科（Fagaceae）栎属（Quercus sp.）

We aimed to clarify the effects of sexual difference of Eurya japonica (Theaceae) in vegetative growth pattern and foliar nutritional and secondaty substance contents on the ecology of a leafminer (Coptotonche japoniella, Tischeriidae, Lepidoptera) and its parasitoid community. However, the difference in the density of C. japoniella between male and female plants was yearly variable, so that we failed to attain the original aim. Instead, we revealed the following things:1. C. japoniella oviposited exclusively on leaves over aged one year and scarcely on current-year leaves. Old leaves had smaller amount of nitrogen contents, lower ratio of nitrogen to carbon and larger amount of epigarocatechin than current-year leaves. When females of C. japoniella were compelled to lay eggs on current-year leaves, hatched larvae were soon enclosed by transformed cells of the leaf tissue. Thus, the adaptive significance that females scarcely oviposit on current-year leaves would be to avoid leaves with hypersensitive response to mines rather than leaves with poor nutritional quality.2. Leaves with leafmining larvae killed experimentally began to abscise earlier and more rapidly than leaves with living larvae. This suggests that C. japoniella larvae inhibit the host plant from abscising mined leaves early.3. The parasitoid assemblage assariated with C. japoniella was composed of 12 species. Of them, one was koinobiont, and the others were idiobiont. Coexisting mechanisms in this assemblage seemed to be a quite high rate of hyperparasitism by idiobionts to the dominant koinobiont and wide host ranges of idiobionts.4. On the basis of investigation of specimens preserved in Osaka Prefecture University and Hokkaido University and those collected in the field, four species of Tischeriidae were found to be new to science. Furthermore, a new tischeriid species from Quercus sp. (Fagaceae) was collected in Jawa Island, Indonesia, where no tischeriids had been recorded.