Maternal Mental Hearth,Maternal Attachment and Mother child Interaction on During Pregnancy and the puerperium

近年来报告的虐待儿童事件有所增加，这使人们对从婴儿早期开始的父母与子女的关系状况产生了极大的关注。然而，从怀孕早期开始，并通过长期随访来解决产后母子依恋问题的母子关系的系列调查很少。作为该项目的一部分，已经报告了许多方法，包括一项关于与胎儿依恋相关的因素的研究，即，怀孕母亲对胎儿的依恋。根据这项研究，母亲对胎儿的依恋并不直接受到她与自己母亲之间的依恋的影响，而是间接地通过母亲的内部工作模式决定她与他人的关系。此外，研究发现，在怀孕期间有强烈抑郁症状的母亲，以及对胎儿感觉依恋相对困难的母亲，被发现是排斥或波塞的 ...更多信息 在产后两年内对孩子产生负面情绪，容易在与孩子的情感联系方面出现问题。然而，无论是经济因素还是产科因素，都被视为构成虐待或结合障碍的严重风险因素。此外，从怀孕开始对母亲抑郁症进行的系列随访显示，母亲在怀孕期间以及产后及以后的抑郁症评分相当高。抑郁症和母婴依恋之间的密切联系也被注意到，从怀孕的第二个三个月开始。因此，在这个项目中，从多个角度研究了母婴依恋，确定了许多涉及的因素。此外，研究亦澄清了怀孕期间的这些因素如何影响儿童在两岁后出现的母子依恋问题，相信这些研究结果将为日后研究虐待儿童的早期干预等课题提供宝贵的背景资料。

A rise in child abuse reported in recent years has focused great concern on the state of parent-child relationships starting in early infancy. However, serial investigations into the mother-child relationship starting in early pregnancy and extending to address the association with issues in postpartum mother-child attachment through long-term follow-up are rare. A number of approaches have been reported as part of this project, including one study on the factors associated with fetal attachment-i.e., attachment of the pregnant mother to her fetus. According to the study, a mother's attachment to her fetus is not under direct influence of attachment between herself and her own mother, but indirectly via the mother's internal working model determining her relationship with others. Moreover, it was revealed that mothers with strong depressive symptoms during pregnancy, and mothers who find it relatively difficult feeling attachment towards her fetus were found to be rejective of or posse … More ss negative feelings towards their children at two years postpartum, prone to problems in emotional bonding with their children. However, neither economic nor obstetric factors were seen to constitute serious risk factors for abuse or disorders In bonding. Furthermore, serial follow-up of maternal depression from pregnancy revealed considerably high depression scores for mothers during pregnancy as well as in the postpartum and beyond. Close association between depression and mother-fetal attachment was also noted starting in the second trimester of pregnancy. As such, mother-fetal attachment was investigated from multilateral viewpoints in this project, identifying many of the factors involved. Additionally, the studies have clarified how such factors from pregnancy affect the problems with mother-child attachment formation appearing later on, when the child reaches 2 years of age.It is believed the findings from these studies will constitute valuable background data for future investigations into issues such as early intervention for child abuse Less