Observational study of Venus atmosphere dynamics

使用大型望远镜，如夏威夷的斯巴鲁望远镜，多次观测到行星大气，并获得了关于金星大气组成和运动的新知识。此外，还开发了新的行星探测器观测设备，如红外探测器阵列。研究了分析行星大气成像光谱数据的技术，并将其应用于迄今获得的数据。日本金星大气任务“PLANET-C”或“金星气候轨道器”的数据分析系统已经研制成功。(1)为了研究金星大气中的光化学反应链，利用夏威夷的IRTF望远镜观测了金星平流层中HCl的空间分布。利用斯巴鲁望远镜和IRTF望远镜在中红外波段观测到了来自金星云顶的热辐射，首次探测到了云顶精细结构的时间变化。获得了关于云层热对流和行星尺度波特征的信息。(3)行星探测器上的仪器需要对空间中的高能辐射具有容忍度。针对这种辐射环境，研制了一种新型红外探测器，并对其进行了测试。(4)研究了从连续的高空间分辨率云图中提取风速的技术，为未来的地面观测或航天器任务做准备。达到了气象研究所需的几米/秒的测风精度。

Planetary atmospheres were observed many times using large telescopes, such as the Subaru telescope at Hawaii, and new knowledge about composition and movement of the Venus atmosphere were acquired. Moreover, new observation equipment for planetary probes, such as an infrared detector array, was developed. Techniques to analyze imaging-spectral data of planetary atmospheres were studied, and applied to the data obtained so far. The data analysis system for the Japanese Venus atmosphere mission 'PLANET-C' or 'Venus Climate Orbiter' has been developed. More specifically, the following studies have been performed.(1) To study the photochemical reaction chain in the Venus atmosphere, the spatial distribution of HCl in the Venus stratosphere was observed using the IRTF telescope at Hawaii. The roloe of HCl as a catalyst reaction was constrained.(2) The thermal radiation from the cloud top of Venus was observed at middle infrared wavelengths using the Subaru Telescope and the IRTF telescope, and the temporal variation in the fine structures of the cloud top was detected for the first time. Information on the thermal convection in the cloud layer and the characteristics of planetary-scale waves were acquired.(3) Instruments onboard planetary probes need to have tolerance to the energetic radiation in space. A new infrared detector was developed and tested for such radiation environment.(4) The technique of deriving wind velocities from successive cloud images of high spatial resolution was studied for future ground-based observations or spacecraft missions. The wind determination accuracy of several meters per second, which is needed in meteorological study, was achieved.