Reconstructing Afghanistan and Iraq : Policy and Institutional Challenges

阿富汗和伊拉克的重建：政策和体制问题1）在阿富汗和伊拉克，过去一年中恐怖主义/叛乱活动的恶化使人们更加认识到，处理这两个国家重建/稳定的政策和方法需要修改。该项目旨在：1）明确这些国家的重建行动导致目前阶段的过程; 2）识别和定义这一过程中的核心问题; 3）研究美国的政策和制度转型; 4）确定未来方向。在这两个国家，研究支持这样一种观点，即具体问题在于美国管理从作战行动向重建行动转变的方式。特别是，需要改进规划和组织重建行动的机构间进程的管理。另一个问题是，在政策规划过程中没有考虑到过去在建设和平方面的经验，这一事实可能是体制、文化和政治因素的混合造成的。2）该项目资助的具体活动包括：（a）到美国和英国进行两次研究旅行，与重建活动的从业人员、决策者和专家进行访谈; B）聘请专家撰写学术研究论文; c）收集第一手和第二手数据; d）撰写分析和报告。

Reconstructing Afghanistan and Iraq: Policy and Institutional Challenges1) In Afghanistan and Iraq, worsening terrorist/insurgent activities during the past year have resulted in increased recognition that the policy and methods for dealing with reconstruction/stabilization in both countries need revision. The project aimed to: 1) clarify the process through which reconstruction operations in these countries have led to the current stage ; 2) identify and define the core problems in this process ; 3) research US policy and institutional transformation ; 4) and identify future directions. In both countries, the research supported the view that the specific problem lay in the manner in which the US managed the transformation from combat operations to reconstruction operations. In particular, improvement needs to be made in the management of inter-agency processes for planning and organizing reconstruction operations. A further problem was identified in failure to take into account past experiences in peacebuilding in the policy-planning process, a fact that may be explained by a mixture of institutional, cultural and political factors.2) Specific activities funded by this project included : a) two research trips to the US and the UK, involving interviews with practitioners, policy makers and specialists in reconstruction activities; b) contracting of specialists to contribute academic research papers ; c) collecting first and secondary data ; d) analysis and report writing.