Development of physical education class with effective instruction methods of "knack of movement" -from phenomenological analysis of kinaesthese-

体育教师应有的能力是用感官上合适的建议来指导运动技术，而不是解释运动机制或生理功能。本研究旨在探讨“动作要领”的习得过程，为体育课建设提供理论依据，使学生能有效地掌握动作感官能力。迄今为止，运动研究的主流是用自然科学的方法。然而，对于人体运动的研究，只针对运动过程的外部进行研究是不够的。因此，在胡塞尔的意义中，运动的人的内在过程被现象学方法作为基础来考虑。本研究主要考虑学生在动作技术学习过程中不能掌握“动作要领”的特点，以设计有条理的处方。从学校体育课或运动训练中的诸多案例中明确了以下几点；对于“动作诀窍”的教学来说，仅仅从外在的动作形式中获得信息是不够的。体育教练必须了解学生的“Kinasthese”（获得分析意图的能力作为学生的内部过程）。在动作教学中，教师必须在动作感觉或动作意识上与学习者产生共鸣。体育指导员或教师有必要以唤醒无意识表演的基本功的运动感官意识为目标。

It is a proper competence for a physical education teacher to instruct movement techniques with sensually suitable advices, not to explain movement mechanism or physiological function.The aim of this study was to investigate the process of acquisition of "knack of movement" and to offer theoritical basement for construction of physical education classes, in which students can effectively grasp the movement sensuous ability.The main current of the research of movement was by nature scientific methods, so far. It is unsufficient, however, for the human movement research to study aimed the outside of movement process. The inner process of the person who is moving was, therefore, preponderantly considered by the phenomenological method in HUSSERL's meaning as a foundation.In this study, the feature of the student who cannot grasp a "knack of movement" in the learning process of movement technique was considered preponderantly in order to devise a methodical prescription.From the many cases in the physical education class in school or in sport training the following items clarified;It is not enough for instruction of a "knack of movement" to teach with information which was obtained from only outside form of movement.Sport instructors must understand the "Kinasthese" of the student (acquisition of ability for analysis of the intention as internal process of the student).In movement instruction there must be a teachers' sympathy in movement feeling or movement sense with learners. It is necessary for sport instructors or teachers to aim at awakening movement sensuous consciousness of basic skills that are performed unconsciously.