Development of the model of health education which can cultivate cognitive skills

摘要本研究旨在探讨培养认知技能的健康教育教学方法，并评估其有效性。某市立高中共284名二年级学生（男146名，女138名），共246名（86.6%）回答了所有调查项目。对3个班级进行性教育课程（共5小时），对照组不设4个班级，并进行问卷调查。课程旨在培养作为认知技能之一的自我管理技能。先前对自我管理技能的因素分析显示：问题解决技能、消极思维控制技能和即时满足延迟技能。课程的设置是为了提高这些技能。调查内容为对与性有关的决策/行为选择的态度和一般认知技能。评估课程后这些项目的变化。一般认知技能采用Takahashi开发的自我管理技能量表进行测量。调查采用选择式问卷进行，分别在课程开始前和课程结束后1周和3个月。接受课程的小组在课程后1周对与性有关的决策/行为选择的态度发生了变化，并在3个月后保持了这些变化。在该组中，一般认知技能在课程后1周也有所改善，甚至在3个月后仍保持改善。这些结果表明，本研究为培养认知技能而开发的性教育教学方法有助于选择理想的性行为。学校教师还在模拟课堂上开发和测试了其他健康教育课程。这些结果表明，培养认知技能的健康教育教学方法可以由学校教师实施，是一种有效的健康教育方法。

The purpose of this study was to develop health education instruction method that cultivates cognitive skills and evaluate its effectiveness.Of 284 2ndyear students (146 males and 138 females) in a municipal high school, 246 (86.6%) who answered all items of the survey were enrolled in this study. Sexuality education lessons (a total of 5 hours) were given to 3 classes but not to 4 classes as controls, and a questionnaire survey was performed. The lessons aimed at cultivating self management skills as one of cognitive skills. Previous factor analysis of selfmanagement skills revealed a problem-solving skill, negative thinking control skill, and immediate satisfaction delaying skill. The lessons were constructed so as to improve these skills.The contents of the survey were attitude concerning sex-related decision-making/behavior selection and general cognitive skills. Changes in these items after lessons were evaluated. General cognitive skills were measured using the self-management skill scale developed by Takahashi. The survey was performed using a choice-type questionnaire before the initiation of lessons and 1 week and 3 months after the termination of lessons.The group who received lessons showed changes in attitude concerning sex-related decision-making/behavior selection 1 week after the lessons and maintenance of these changes after 3 months. In this group, general cognitive skills also improved 1 week after the lessons and the improvement was maintained even after 3 months. These results suggest the sexuality education instruction method developed in this study for the cultivation of cognitive skills can contribute to the selection of desirable sexual behavior.Other health education lessons were also developed and tested by school teachers in simulated classes. Those results suggests that health education instruction method that cultivates cognitive skills can be carried out by school teachers and it can be effective health education.