THE MADNESS OF URBAN INHABITANTS IN VICTORIAN LITERATURE ; ASTUDY OF ITS SOCIAL ANT)PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTEXTS

本研究以维多利亚时期的文学作品为主要资料来源，通过对英国维多利亚时期城市居民中的疯癫现象的分析，试图揭示疯癫者行为的规律，并阐明特定社会环境与个体心理之间的关系。第一部分探讨狄更斯作品中的疯癫观念。在他对疯狂及其原因的描述中，实际上并没有在出生和养育之间做出非此即彼的选择。这一部分有两篇文章是从讨论狄更斯的疯狂观念中衍生出来的。第一部分是对自杀的研究，认为自杀是一种疯狂的行为，是对上帝按照自己的形象创造了人的行为;第二部分是对欺凌的研究，这种疯狂的现象可以被描述为通过转移压迫来维持平衡。第二部分针对吉辛的一些作品和狄更斯的《远大前程》。吉辛和他的导师狄更斯一样，描绘了维多利亚时代晚期的人们，他们在工业革命后失去了封建的归属感，由于城市空间造成的疏离感而陷入身份危机。第三部分认为，鬼魂可以被解释为人物自身疯狂或困扰的身份感的主观投射。在这里，亨利詹姆斯的《螺丝在拧紧》和狄更斯的《远大前程》中的疯狂和鬼魂被分析，特别是参考童年的呈现。此外，这一部分还包括一对被翻译成日语的维多利亚时代的鬼故事：约瑟夫·谢里丹·勒·法努的《昂吉尔街的一些骚乱》（1853年）和玛丽·伊丽莎白·布雷登的《在克里顿修道院》（1871年）。

This research, whose primary sources are Victorian literary works, focuses on aspects of madness observed among urban inhabitants in Victorian England, thereby attempting to ascertain the principle of madmen's behavior and to clarify the correlation between a given social context and the psychology of an individual in it.Part one discusses notions of madness in the works of Dickens. There is actually no either-or choice between birth and breeding in his description of madness and its causes. This part has a pair of articles as offshoots from the discussion of Dickens's notions of madness. One is a study of suicide as an act of madness against God that created man in his own image, and the other is an examination of bullying - a phenomenon of madness that may be described as the maintenance of / equilibrium by the transfer of oppression.Part two targets at some of Gissing's works and Dickens's Great Expectations. Gissing, like his mentor Dickens, portrays those in the late Victorian era who lost their feudalistic sense of belonging after the Industrial Revolution and fell into a crisis of identity owing to a sense of alienation created by urban space.Part three argues that a ghost can be interpreted as the subjective projection of a character's own madness or troubled sense of identity. Here, madness and ghosts in Henry James's The Turn of the Screw and Dickens's Great Expectations are analyzed with special reference to the presentation of childhood. And besides, this part includes a pair of Victorian ghost stories put into Japanese: Joseph Sheridan Le Fanu's "An Account of Some Disturbances in Aungier Street' (1853) and Mary Elizabeth Braddon's "At Chrighton Abbey"(1871).