A Micro-level Research on Formation and 11ansformation of Folklore among Fishing Communities-Fmm the view point of Fisher Families-

本研究于2005-2007年间，以Yoshimoura(下关)、Yoshimoura(下关)、Enoshima(女川町、Ojika、Miyagi-Ken)三个渔业社区为研究对象，运用生活史与民族志分析框架，以渔家在民俗形成与变迁中所扮演的角色为研究对象，在微观层面上，选取每个社区的两至三个渔家作为样本，通过参与式观察法收集详细资料。利用生活史和民族志框架考察了以下问题：1)捕鱼行为的变化2)根据环境条件选择捕鱼行为3)渔民家庭的家庭经济4)渔民家庭的社会参与5)渔民社区的宗教和礼仪我分析和思考了每个家庭是如何对应这些问题的，特别是基于性别关系，即夫妻关系。在每个渔民社区中，几乎没有区别，妇女(妻子)的行为对每个家庭的丈夫和家庭经济的捕鱼策略具有很强的作用，在农民缺席的情况下，妇女的作用是重要的。面对社区和环境的变化，女性在费舍尔家庭中扮演的角色的重要性已经显露出来。

The research has been conducted 2005 to 2007 focused on three fishing communities, Yonouzu(Saeki-shi, Ooita-ken), Yoshimoura(Shimonoseki-shi, Yamaguchi-ken), Enoshima(Onagawa-machi, Ojika, Miyagi-ken).The object of the research is the role of fisher-families playing part of formation and transformation of folklore using the frame work of life-history and ethnographical analysis.For this micro-level research, two to three fisher families in each community were chosen as sampling data, then detailed information were collected by participant observation method. The following issues were examined using life history and ethnographical frame work.1) Change of fishing 2) Chose of fishing behaviors according to environmental condition 3) Household economy of fisher family 4) Social participation of fisher family 5) Religion and ritual of fishing communitiesI analyzed and considered how each family corresponded to these issue, in particular, based on gender relationship, that is husband - wife relations.In every fishing community, however there are few differences, behaviors of woman (wife) has a strong function to each family for strategy of fishing conducted by husband and household economy, and the role of women is important during the absence of husband.Facing to communal and environmental change, the importance of the role of women in a fisher family has been revealed.