Comparative Study on comprehensive legal system for crisis management by local government against natural disaster and armed intervention

本研究的主题是探讨危机管理系统的可能性。为了分析这一问题，本文主要考虑两个规律。当前，中央政府和地方政府最重要的任务是保护居民的安全。因此有很多风险管理的法律制度。其中两种方案具有代表性。一个是自然灾害救济，我们已经有40多年的历史了。在这里，地方政府，特别是城市在保护和疏散方面发挥了重要作用。自下而上的模式是法律制度的一个特点。按照规定，救灾工作由市长负责，如果自然灾害范围广，由县知事负责，最后由首相负责。救灾指挥部的一员。另一个是防止武装干预。这是一个非常新的系统。在首相的命令下，郡守起着重要的作用。自上而下的模式更有特色。这两个系统有很多共同之处。例如，警察、自卫队、消防厅和救援部门之间的合作是最重要的。很多组织看起来都很相似。但由于两种法律的存在，法律体系被纵向划分为两个子系统，彼此之间的联系很少。两种分裂的制度带来了大量的时间和公共资金的浪费。人们只能用历史来解释这个制度。研究结果表明，危机管理体系的发展需要统一的危机管理体系。地方政府的法律地位必须得到尊重。城市必须尝试创建新的系统，特别是通过地方法令。地方政府尝试新方法是非常重要的。必须促进创建新系统的竞争。本研究不仅是对风险管理的基础性研究，也是对地方自治的基础性研究。最后回顾行政法的基本思路，并指出日本行政法的改革。少

The theme of this research is to examine the possibility of crisis management systems. To analyze this problem, this paper considers mainly two laws. Nowadays the most important task of central government and local government is to protect security and safety of resident. Therefore there are a lot of legal systems for risk management. Specially two schemes are representative systems. One is for natural disaster relief We have already had it for over forty years. Here local government, especially cities play a significant part in the protection and evacuation. The bottom-up model is a characteristic of the legal system. As a rule a mayor is responsible for the relief If natural disaster ranges for a wide field, prefectural governors, finally the prime minister take. Part in the relief headquarters. The other is protection against armed intervention. This is a very new system. Under the order of the Prime Minister, prefectural governors play important parts. The top-down model is charact … More eristic. These two systems have a lot in common. For example a cooperative work among the police, the Self-Defense Force and the Fire Defense Agency and Relief Divisions is most important. A lot of Organizations seem similar. But because of two laws legal system is divided vertically into two sub- systems which have little contact with each other. Two divided systems bring a lot of waste of time and public funds. People can explain this system only by history. As a result of this research it is suggested that a unified system of crisis management is necessary for the development of crisis management system. The legal position of local government must be respected. Cities must try to create new systems especially by local ordinance. Experiment with new methods by local government is very important. The competition for creating new systems must be promoted. This research is not only for the fundamental study of risk management, but also for the baste study of local autonomy. Finally I will review fundamental ways of thinking on administrative law and point to the reformation of Japanese administrative law. Less