Dambreak generator for the Large Wave Flume (GWK+)

在实验性的水利工程和海岸工程中，溃坝闸门被用来产生一系列不同的水流。为此，波浪通道被分成两个部分--一个部分蓄水，另一个部分保持干燥或水位明显较低。借助于受控的、非常快速的溃坝发电机的开启过程，可以控制和系统地研究不同的水力现象，例如代表山洪、钻孔以及涌浪和污水波的溃坝水流。除了经典的造波机(例如，直立壁活塞式)外，溃坝发电机还扩展了水力设施的产品组合，包括其他开创性的研究机会。这里申请的溃坝发电机将用于海岸研究中心的大浪水槽+。考虑到大浪槽+的规模和尺寸，计划建造一个4.9米宽、3.8米高的溃坝发电机，它可以插入现有的凹槽中用于舱壁布置，以实现溃坝波的功能生成。闸门下缘至渠道底部1.5m(1.35m水深加0.15m预留高度)的最大开启速度约为1 S，在快速开启过程中产生了接近理想的溃坝水流，这将为三个方面的研究服务。溃坝水流的类型允许(1)研究极端水流事件与建筑物之间的流体-结构相互作用，包括在山洪暴发、海啸或漫浪事件期间的荷载，直至(包括)渐进性坍塌；(2)产生和使用下沉(负)波和浪涌(正)波，以期由船舶波浪对堤岸和护岸进行自然加载；(3)研究在瞬变水流事件期间的冲刷和侵蚀发展，包括桥梁或桥台等基础设施要素的影响和不影响。利用溃坝发生器启用的水流深度和流速将是独一无二的，特别是当结合大型波浪水槽+中溃坝闸门将关闭的大宽度时。现有的溃坝水流研究最常受到尺度效应的影响，然而，在大浪水槽+中可达到的长度尺度可以显著减少甚至完全防止这种效应。

In experimental hydraulic and coastal engineering, dam-break gates are used to create a range of different flows. For this purpose, a wave channel is divided into two sections - in one section the water is impounded, while the other section is kept dry or has a significantly lower water level. With the help of a controlled, very fast opening process of the dam-break generator, different hydraulic phenomena, such as dam-break flows representing flash floods, bores as well as surge and sump waves can be controlled and systematically investigated. In addition to classical wave machines (e.g., piston type with vertical wall), dam breach generators expand the portfolio of hydraulic facilities to include other pioneering research opportunities. The dam-break generator applied for here will be used in the Large Wave Flume+ of the Coastal Research Center. A 4.9 m wide and 3.8 m high dam-break generator, which can be inserted into existing recesses for bulkhead placement, is planned for a functional generation of dam-break waves taking into account the scales and dimensions of the Large Wave Flume+. A maximum opening speed of about 1 s to the target height at the lower edge of the gate to the bottom of the channel of 1.5 m (1.35 m flow depth plus 0.15 m reserve height) creates an almost ideal dam-break flow during the rapid opening, which will serve three lines of research. The type of dam-break flow allows (1) the study of fluid-structure interaction between extreme flow events and buildings in terms of loading during flash floods, tsunami, or wave overtopping events, up to and including progressive collapse, (2) the generation and use of sunk (negative) and surge (positive) waves with a view to natural loading of banks and revetments due to ship waves, and (3) the study of scour and erosion development during transient flow events, with and without the influence of infrastructure elements such as bridges or abutments. The flow depths and velocities enabled with the dam-break generator will be unique, especially when combined with the large width that the dam-break gate will close off in the Large Wave Flume+. Existing research with dam-break flows is most often influenced by scale effects, which, however, can be significantly reduced or even entirely prevented by the achievable length scales in the Large Wave Flume+.