A Study of Hybridity and Orientalism in American Japonism Literature

日本主义是西方审美对日本的迷恋，通常被认为是一种欧美现象。我的研究是从对日本主义研究进一步发展的展望开始的。重点是一部日本戏剧《众神的宠儿》。《众神的宠儿》于1902年由大卫·贝拉斯科与约翰·路德·朗合作制作。该剧第一季共演出186场，而《蝴蝶夫人》仅演出24场。《诸神的宠儿》的故事在很大程度上依赖于当时有关日本的通俗文学和戏剧。我认为这本书获得了迅速的成功，因为它从其他流行的文本中借鉴了关于日本的刻板印象和想法。为了检验这一点，我研究了美国和英国图书馆在世纪之交的演出和其他日本主义小说和戏剧的细节。我在2006年的日本比较文学学会上读过一篇关于《众神的宠儿》的论文。然后在2008年，我在夏威夷的国际会议上读到了这篇论文的英文修订版。我还在《日本主义杂志》上发表了一篇文章。我对《众神的宠儿》的研究也发展成了对旅居英国的日本艺术家Markino Yoshio的研究。我还研究了非裔美国人文学中的日本主义，并试图展示日本主义和非裔美国人之间的联系。通过我的研究，我想展示日本主义不仅是东方主义的形式，而且是文化混合的形式。

Japonism a Western aesthetic infatuation with Japan, is generally considered to be a phenomenon of EuroAmerican. My research was started with a prospect for the further development of a study of Japonism. The focus was on a Japanese play, The Darling of the Gods. The Darling of the Gods was produced in 1902 by David Belasco in collaboration with John Luther Long. In its first season, it ran 186 performances, whereas Madame Butterfly ran only 24 performances. The story of The Darling of the Gods depends much on popular writings and plays concerning Japan in those days. I assumed that it gained an immediate success because it borrowed stereotypical images and ideas on Japan from other popular texts. In order to examine this, I researched the details of the performances and other Japonism novels and dramas at the turn of the century in the libraries in the USA and UK. I read a paper on The Darling of the Gods in Japan Comparative Literary Society in 2006. Then in 2008, I read a revised version of the paper written in English in the international conference in Hawaii. I also published an article on The Japonisme Journal. My research of The Darling of the Gods also developed into my study of Yoshio Markino, a Japanese artist who lived in the UK. I also examined Japonism in African American literature and tried to show a connection between Japosnism and African Americans.Through my research, I wanted to show Japonism not only the form of Orientalism but also the form of cultural hybridity.