Economic Impact of Transportaion Management Policies with New Settlement Technologies

本研究建立行为模型，探讨先进的运输费用结算技术对企业和家庭行为的影响。为了分析交通IC卡对信息俱乐部的影响，提出了一个统一各主体行为的一般均衡模型。首先，我们指出信息俱乐部的结构可以由拥有实物选择权的家庭和企业组成。通过关注信息俱乐部可以缩小家庭对新信息的搜索范围，这是一个关于人类行为需求链结构的理论框架。在此基础上，研究了采用新型运费结算技术的交通管理政策。用一般均衡模型分析了基于不同定居功能的收费制度对社会福利的经济影响。结果的影响总结如下：1)降低交易成本，2)多种票价制度，3)降低信息成本，4)需求链效应。在此基础上，从理论上分析了某信息俱乐部内部货币的形成机制及其互换性作用。特别是，信息俱乐部或多或少是由市政当局通过出版地区卡而形成的。通过分析，获得了基于非自愿动机的信息俱乐部形成对社会福利影响的丰富知识储备。

In this research, behavior models are constructed to investigate the advanced settlement technology of transportation fare upon firms' and households' behavior. In order to analyze the effect of information club by transportation IC cards, a general equilibrium model which unifies the behaviors of various agents is proposed. Firstly, we pointed out that the structure of information club can be composed of households and firms who have real option to interact each other. By paying attention to the fact that information club can narrow the range of search for new information by households, a theoretical framework about the structure of demand chain in human behaviors. Based upon these results, transportation management policies with new settlement technology for transpiration fares are investigated. The economic effects of fare systems based upon various settlement functions upon social welfare are analyzed with a general equilibrium model. The effects from the result are summarized as follows ; 1) Decreasing transaction cost, 2) a wide variety of fare systems, 3) decreasing information cost, and 4) demand chain effects. Furthermore, a formation mechanism of internal money within a certain information club and its function about exchangeability are also analyzed theoretically. Especially, an information club is more or less navigated to be formed thorough publishing regional cards by municipalities. A rich store of knowledge about effects of information club formation based upon involuntary motivations upon social welfare is derived thorough the analysis.