The Change of the Structure of System of Cities by Providing Rapid Transportation Systems

快速交通系统改变城市体系结构

• 批准号: 10650525
• 负责人: KOBAYASHI Kiyoshi
• 金额: $ 2.18万
• 依托单位: KYOTO UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1998 至 1999
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10650525/
• 关键词: General Equilibrium Model; City Systems; Rapid Transportation; Knowledge Production; Externalities; Simulation

We examines the dynamics of population location using a simple general equilibrium model with agglomeration economies that permits a description of the lock-in effects associated with existing agglomerations. By assuming that the government applies slightly different decision rules (cost-benefit evaluation rules) and that it improves the transport network, especially the railway network, through one by one link improvements in the order that the links with the highest benefit-cost ratios are given the highest priority to be improved, this paper tries to demonstrate that city systems will evolve in such a manner that population will indeed cluster in some dominant locations, and that this depends both on the geographical conditions and historical order of network improvement.The model highlights one of the major sources of increasing returns, i.e., spatial agglomeration generated through technological externalities in production. The model is designed to exclusively simulate how the str … More ucture of city systems will evolve in response to railway network improvement. In this research, we exclusively focused upon the latter types of externality to describe how city systems will evolve in response to increasing possibilities of face-to-face communications due to railway network improvements.The cost-benefit evaluation rule guarantees the government to make the local optimal decisions, given the history of the network evolution. The successions of the local optimal improvement need not to reach the global optimal state. This is especially true if the city system is inherently characterized by the multiplicity of the equilibria. Though only limited number of simulation experiments are dealt with, we have succeeded to illustrate that the simple succession of the cost-benefit evaluation rules may end up with highly centralized systems having low efficiency. As far as our simulation experiments are concerned, this is especially clear when decisions are made by coarse and naive cost-benefit calculation. Less

我们使用集聚经济的简单一般均衡模型来考察人口区位的动态，该模型允许描述与现有集聚相关的锁定效应。假设政府采用略有不同的决策规则（成本效益评估规则），并通过一个一个的环节改进交通网络，特别是铁路网络，按照效益成本比最高的环节被给予最高的优先级来改进，本文试图证明城市系统将以这样一种方式发展，即人口确实会聚集在一些优势位置。而这既取决于地理条件，也取决于网络完善的历史秩序。该模型强调了收益增加的主要来源之一，即生产中的技术外部性所产生的空间集聚。该模型专门用于模拟城市系统的结构如何随着铁路网络的改善而演变。在本研究中，我们专门关注后一种外部性，以描述城市系统将如何发展，以应对由于铁路网络改善而增加的面对面通信的可能性。在给定网络演化历史的条件下，成本效益评价规则保证了政府做出局部最优决策。局部最优改进的序列不需要达到全局最优状态。如果城市系统的本质特征是平衡的多样性，这一点尤其正确。虽然只处理了有限数量的模拟实验，但我们已经成功地说明了成本效益评估规则的简单继承可能最终导致效率低下的高度集中的系统。就我们的模拟实验而言，当决策是通过粗糙和幼稚的成本效益计算做出时，这一点尤为明显。少

项目成果

小林潔司: "不完全情報下での混雑料金の役割に関する研究"土木学会論文集. No.611/IV-42. 57-68 (1999)

Kiyoshi Kobayashi：“不完全信息下拥堵费的作用研究”日本土木工程师学会会议记录第 611/IV-42 号（1999 年）。

Kiyoshi KOBAYASHI: "Knowledge Society and the Growth of Cities"Morikita Publication. (1999)

小林清：《知识社会与城市的发展》森北出版社。

Eizo Hideshima: "Local public goods provision over two jurisdictions"Sustainability and Development. 129-139 (1998)

Eizo Hideshima：“两个辖区的地方公共产品供应”可持续发展与发展。

奥村誠,小林潔司,山室良徳: "輸送費用の現象が都市群システムに及ぼす影響のシミュレーション分析" 土木学会論文集. No.604/IV-41. 23-34 (1998)

Makoto Okumura、Kiyoshi Kobayashi、Yoshinori Yamamuro：“交通成本现象对城市系统影响的模拟分析”日本土木工程学会第 604/IV-41 号（1998 年）。

M.Do,K.Kobayashi,and J.Lee: "The informational role of peak-load expressway tolls under incomplete information environment" Proceedings of the 5th World ITS Congress(CD-ROM). (1998)

M.Do，K.Kobayashi，J.Lee：“不完全信息环境下高峰负荷高速公路收费的信息作用”第五届世界智能交通大会论文集（CD-ROM）。