Historical and Political Studies of "Linguistic Territoriality" in Europe

纵观欧洲各国的语言政策，我们可以看到，每个国家都在不同的层面上适用“语言属地”原则。这种差异取决于以下条件：（1）跨地域的人口流动;（2）相邻语言之间的语言距离;（3）实施语言政策的权力机构（国家、自治区、市、文化协会等）的规模。和有关国家的权力下放水平;（4）城市化水平;（5）根据语言和国家而不同的语言意识形态;以及（6）有关语言的商业价值或受欢迎程度。

Looking at linguistic policies of European countries, we see that each country applies the principle of "Linguistic Territoriality" in different levels. Such differences depends on the following conditions : (1)transterritorial population movement ; (2) linguistic distance between neighboring languages ; (3) thesize of the authority that puts language policies into practice (state, autonomous region, municipality, cultural associations, etc.) and levels of decentralization of the States concerned ; (4) levels of urbanization ; (5) linguistic ideologies which vary according to the languages and countries ; and (6) the commercial values, or popularity, of the languages concerned.