The electron-phonon interaction resulting surface modification triggered by the low-energy highly-charged-ion

低能高电荷态离子(HCI)在固体表面产生山丘，由于高电荷态离子的电子激发，形成台面状突起。我们的目标是弄清楚电子-声子相互作用在多大程度上可以解释广泛的目标材料的形成机制。靶原子协同反应的第一步可能是形成快声子，这在半金属和半导体中是已知的。这就是以原子面内运动为特征的光学声子。第二步是进入人机界面所产生的声学声子。这两种类型的连续声子可以通过低能量的HCI产生山丘，至少在半金属的情况下是这样。

The low-energy highly charged ion(HCI) produces hillocks on a solid surface, which are mesa-like protrusions as the result of electronic excitation due to HCI. Our aim has been to make it clear how generally the electron-phonon interaction can explain the formation mechanism, for a wide range of target materials. The first step of synergetic reaction of target atoms may be to form the fast phonon, which is already known in semimetal and semiconductor. This is the optical phonon where intraplane motion of atoms is characteristic. The second step is the acoustic phonon caused by the entering HCI. These two types of successive phonons may produce the hillocks by a low-energy HCI, at least in the case of a semimetal.