A Comprehensive Study of the Educational Administration from a viewpoint of the Accountability and Assessment in the Modern U. S. A.

本研究的目的是以美国现行的考试政策为中心，分析教育改革的实际情况。关键词是“标准”、“责任”和“评估”。“本研究从不同的结构性角度分析了以考试政策为基础的联邦、州、地方各级教育改革的实际情况，并在日本教育研究会年会的3次圆桌会议上介绍了近3年的研究结果。圆桌会议的演讲内容是（1）《不让一个孩子掉队法》的分析，（2）《不让一个孩子掉队法》与教师政策，（3）反对《不让一个孩子掉队法》的“基层”替代教育改革的理论和实际情况。在这些访问中，详细研究了华盛顿、加州、马萨诸塞州、得克萨斯州等州的测试政策。美国的考试政策动向在2011年的日本比较教育学会年会上提出此外，过去三年的研究结果发表在以下书籍中：（1）Kitano，Akio 2009 The Development of the Educational Assessment Administration in the United States Today（Toshindo）;（2）Kitano，Akio 2011 Japan-U. S.（3）石井、秀正2011年美国教育目标与评价理论的发展（Toshindo）等。

The purpose of this research is to analyze the actual conditions of the education reform centering on the testing policy currently implemented in the United States. Keywords are "standard," "accountability," and "assessment." In this research, the actual conditions of the education reform based on the testing policy at the federal, state, and local levels were analyzed from diverse and structural perspectives.The results of the research over the past three years were presented at 3 roundtables at annual meetings of the Japanese Educational Research Association. The contents of the roundtable presentations were (1) the Analysis of the No Child Left Behind(NCLB) Act, (2) the NCLB Act and the Teacher Policy, (3) Theories and the Actual Conditions of the "Grass-roots," Alternative Education Reform in Opposition to the NCLB Act.Overseas research trips were also carried out. In those trips, testing policy in states such as Washington, California, Massachusetts, Texas, etc. were researched in detail. The trend of the testing policy of the United States was presented at the annual meeting of the Japan Comparative Education Society in 2011(Waseda University).Moreover, the results of the research over the past three years were published in the following books : (1) Kitano, Akio 2009 The Development of the Educational Assessment Administration in the United States Today(Toshindo); (2) Kitano, Akio 2011 Japan-U. S. Testing Strategies(Kazama Shobou); (3) Ishii, Hidemasa 2011 Development of Theories on Educational Objectives and Assessment in the United States(Toshindo), etc.